%! % Copyright 1987 Interleaf, Inc. % Ten Canal Park, Cambridge, MA 02141 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % PS macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /bdf {bind def} bind def /xdf {exch def} bdf /ldd {load def} bdf %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % global constants and variables %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Version % /PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR 3 def %Feb 28, 1987 /PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR 2 def %Oct 9, 1987 /PSPRO-VERSION_SUB 1 def %Oct 28, 1987 % % Drawing modes % /PL_SET 0 def %ink black /PL_CLEAR 1 def %ink white /PL_XOR 2 def %ink by xor'ing source onto page - can PS do it? /PL_REPLACE 3 def %ink by replacing, e.g. overlayed bitmaps % % Default global PS state % /drawmode PL_SET def %default is ink black /useNativeFonts false def /numtextures 21 def %creator should initialize this /whitefill 13 def %FOR NOW, white always position 13 in pat font /docutmark false def %should cropping marks be printed /invertmatrix [1 0 0 -1 0 0] def % % Font limits % /MAXFONT 1024 def /MAXFONT1 MAXFONT 1 sub def /MAXCHARS 128 def %per font /MAXCHARS1 MAXCHARS 1 sub def /VMHEADROOM 1000 def /BOGUSWIDTH -1 def %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Memory Defs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /mesg 64 string def /charname 12 string def /istr 3 string def /ILEncoding 256 array def % New global Encoding vector. /ILSymEncoding 256 array def % SymbolB Encoding vector. /trashheap 1024 string def /emsg1 256 string def /emsg2 256 string def % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Job Utilities %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /inch {72 mul} bdf /headerpage { %assumes standard PS state /y 9 def /nl {/y y 1 sub def 1 inch y inch moveto } bdf /#copies 1 def /Helvetica-Bold findfont 18 scalefont setfont 1 inch 1 inch moveto nl nl 0 1 hline length 1 sub { hline exch get show nl } for /Helvetica findfont 8 scalefont setfont 1 inch 1 inch moveto (pl2ps )show PSPRO-VERSION_SUB PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR vershow ( Copyright 1987 Interleaf, Inc. ) show emsg1 0 get 0 ne { 1 inch .75 inch moveto emsg1 show } if emsg2 0 get 0 ne { 1 inch .5 inch moveto emsg2 show } if } bdf /logme { (\tInterleaf::pl2ps ) print PSPRO-VERSION_SUB PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR verprint hline length 1 sub -1 0 { (\tInterleaf::) print hline exch get print (\n) print } for flush } bdf /verprint { 10 mesg cvrs print (.) print 10 mesg cvrs print (.) print 10 mesg cvrs print (\n) print } bdf /vershow { 10 mesg cvrs show (.) show 10 mesg cvrs show (.) show 10 mesg cvrs show } bdf /versioncheck { /PL2PS-VERSION_MAJOR xdf /PL2PS-VERSION_MINOR xdf /PL2PS-VERSION_SUB xdf /doheader userdict /hline known def PL2PS-VERSION_MAJOR PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR ne PL2PS-VERSION_MINOR PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR ne or PL2PS-VERSION_SUB PSPRO-VERSION_SUB ne or { doheader {logme } if (\tInterleaf:: FATAL ERROR: pspro.ps and pl2ps versions do not agree.) print (\n\tInterleaf:: pspro.ps version: \t) print PSPRO-VERSION_SUB PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR verprint (\tInterleaf:: pl2ps version: \t) print PL2PS-VERSION_SUB PL2PS-VERSION_MINOR PL2PS-VERSION_MAJOR verprint flush doheader {headerpage } if ( FATAL ERROR. pspro version ) show PSPRO-VERSION_SUB PSPRO-VERSION_MINOR PSPRO-VERSION_MAJOR vershow ( does not agree with pl2ps version ) show PL2PS-VERSION_SUB PL2PS-VERSION_MINOR PL2PS-VERSION_MAJOR vershow showpage quit } if } bdf % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Graphics %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /sw /setlinewidth ldd /m { /vpos xdf /hpos xdf } bdf %record pl current point, in rsu /v { /vpos xdf } bdf /h { /hpos xdf } bdf /pm /moveto ldd /as /lineto ldd % add segment /av /moveto ldd % add vertex % % Add an arc to the current path ala cookbook % but note clockwise is opposite sense for us. % /el { 0 begin /endangle xdf /startangle xdf /rotation xdf /yrad xdf /xrad xdf /yc xdf /xc xdf /savematrix matrix currentmatrix def xc yc translate rotation rotate xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix setmatrix end } bdf /el load 0 8 dict put /addconic { 0 begin %similar to el, but rotation is around local origin % after imaging an unrotated ellipse at (xc,yc) /clockwise xdf /endangle xdf /startangle xdf /rotation xdf /yrad xdf /xrad xdf /yc xdf /xc xdf %center in rotated x0-y0 space /savematrix matrix currentmatrix def xc yc translate rotation rotate %rotate the imaged ellipse xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle clockwise 1 eq {arc} {arcn} ifelse savematrix setmatrix end } bdf /addconic load 0 9 dict put % % Draw current path % /dp { gsave 1 setlinejoin % round line ends 1 setlinecap % round line ends drawmode PL_CLEAR eq {1} {0} ifelse setgray %only support two modes stroke grestore } bdf % % Pen pattern routines % /ALIGN_NONE 0 def /ALIGN_OPEN 1 def /ALIGN_CLOSE 2 def /PENPATWIDTHADJ [0 0 4 8 12 16 20] def % WARNING these values are derived % by scaling widthadj[], defined % in /usr/xops/lib/crt/scr/pens.c, % by the same factor (.4) that the % pen patterns were scaled when % sent to printerleaf. /MINSCALE .1 def % Do not scale pen pattern below 10% % of original size. % % Calulates length of current path. Ala cookbook. % /pathlength { 0 begin flattenpath % changes all curveto's to lineto's /dist 0 def { /yfirst xdf /xfirst xdf /ymoveto yfirst def /xmoveto xfirst def} { /ynext xdf /xnext xdf /dist dist ynext yfirst sub dup mul xnext xfirst sub dup mul add sqrt add def /yfirst ynext def /xfirst xnext def} {} { /ynext ymoveto def /xnext xmoveto def /dist dist ynext yfirst sub dup mul xnext xfirst sub dup mul add sqrt add def /yfirst ynext def /xfirst xnext def} pathforall dist end } bdf /pathlength load 0 7 dict put /setpenpat { 0 begin % define penpattern dictionary /style xdf % alignment style /width xdf /pattern xdf % % Adjust pattern for various pen widths. % /scaleup DPIx 300 div def % Seybold hack!!!! /indx width 1 add scaleup div 4 div cvi def % Change width into an index indx 1 gt indx 7 lt and { /adj PENPATWIDTHADJ indx get def% Get ajustment for specified pen width /adj adj scaleup mul def % from predefined array PENPATWIDTHADJ % and scale up to the resolution. /indx 0 def pattern { /iszero indx 2 mod def % Add ajustment for pen width iszero 0 ne % to just "off" phases of pattern. {adj add /val xdf} {/val xdf} ifelse pattern indx val put /indx indx 1 add def } forall } if % % Align pattern to pathlength. % /offset 0 def /patternlen 0 def /pathlen pathlength def % Computes path length. pattern % Compute total len of repeating pattern {patternlen add /patternlen xdf } forall style ALIGN_NONE eq { } if style ALIGN_CLOSE eq { % from /usr/xops/lib/crt/scr/pens.c /n pathlen patternlen div cvi def /extralen pathlen cvi patternlen cvi mod def /halfpatlen patternlen 2 div def extralen halfpatlen gt {/n n 1 add def} if n 0 eq {/n 1 def} if /scale1 pathlen n patternlen mul div def scale1 MINSCALE gt { /indx 0 def pattern { scale1 mul /val xdf val 0 eq {/val 1 def} if pattern indx val round put /indx indx 1 add def } forall } if /offset pattern 0 get 2 div round def } if style ALIGN_OPEN eq { % from /usr/xops/lib/crt/scr/pens.c /firstdash pattern 0 get def /dashpct firstdash patternlen div def /n pathlen patternlen div dashpct sub cvi def /scale1 pathlen n dashpct add patternlen mul div def /scale2 pathlen n dashpct add 1 add patternlen mul div def /x scale2 1 sub abs def /y scale1 1 sub abs def x y lt {/scale1 scale2 def} if scale1 MINSCALE gt { /indx 0 def pattern { scale1 mul /val xdf val 0 eq {/val 1 def} if pattern indx val round put /indx indx 1 add def } forall /offset 0 def } if } if pattern offset setdash end } bdf /setpenpat load 0 50 dict put % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Text handling %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /s { /mappedsp xdf /spAdj xdf /stEnd xdf /fstring xdf hpos vpos moveto drawmode PL_CLEAR eq {1} {0} ifelse setgray %only support two modes for text spAdj 0 ne mappedsp -1 ne and { spAdj 0 mappedsp fstring widthshow % justify it } { fstring show } ifelse /hpos stEnd def %adjust idea of current point } bdf % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Images %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /PL_bitmap { 0 begin gsave /vpix xdf /hpix xdf /nbytes hpix 15 add 16 idiv 2 mul def /picstr nbytes string def hpos vpos translate nbytes 8 mul vpix false [1 0 0 1 0 0 ] {currentfile picstr 0 nbytes getinterval readhexstring pop} imagemask grestore end } bdf /PL_bitmap load 0 4 dict put /PL_contone { 0 begin gsave /nbits xdf /vpix xdf /hpix xdf /nbytes hpix nbits mul 15 add 16 idiv 2 mul def /picstr nbytes string def hpos vpos translate hpix vpix nbits [1 0 0 1 0 0] {currentfile picstr 0 nbytes getinterval readhexstring pop } image grestore end } bdf /PL_contone load 0 5 dict put /PL_image { 0 begin gsave /ho xdf % upper left corner of image. /vo xdf % /hh xdf % Transformed upper right corner relative /vh xdf % to upper left corner. /hv xdf % Transformed lower left corner relative /vv xdf % to upper left corner. /nbits xdf % depth /vpix xdf % height /hpix xdf % width /mapsz xdf % PL_MAP data size /map xdf % PL_MAP data mapsz 0 ne { /mapsz mapsz 1 sub def {map exch mapsz mul round cvi get mapsz div} settransfer } if /picstr hpix nbits mul 7 add 8 idiv string def ho vo translate [hh vh hv vv 0 0] concat nbits 1 eq mapsz 0 eq and{ hpix vpix false [hpix 0 0 vpix 0 0] {currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } imagemask } { hpix vpix nbits [hpix 0 0 vpix 0 0] {currentfile picstr readhexstring pop } image } ifelse grestore end } bdf /PL_image load 0 12 dict put % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % FONT GOODIES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % ReEncodeSubset -map character set a'la Interleaf % % snarfed from PS manual, example 22 % At the moment, it seems like all overlays will start at char 0, % but we might as well be general /reencodesubdict 12 dict def /ReEncode { % % Copy basefontdict into newfont except for the FID entry. % First create a new font dictionary the size of basefontdict % plus 2 for a FID entry which definefont will provide. % reencodesubdict begin /newencoding xdf /newfontname xdf /basefontname xdf /basefontdict basefontname findfont def /newfont basefontdict maxlength 2 add dict def basefontdict { % Copy basefontdict to newfont exch dup /FID ne { % except for the FID entry. exch newfont 3 1 roll put % Copy entry into newfont. } { pop pop % Remove entry from stack if equal FID. } ifelse } forall newfont /FontName newfontname put newencoding -1 ne { newfont /Encoding newencoding put } if newfontname newfont definefont pop end } bdf % % Now make a global Encoding vector % /insertcharnum { 0 begin % Put /char# into entry i /encoding xdf % of new encoding vector as /i xdf % character names. (char) charname copy pop i istr cvs pop charname 4 istr putinterval encoding i charname cvn put end } bdf /insertcharnum load 0 2 dict put StandardEncoding ILEncoding copy dup 5 /florin put dup 7 /fraction put dup 12 /sterling put dup 27 /section put dup 28 /periodcentered put dup 29 /cent put dup 30 /hyphen put dup 31 /emdash put dup 34 /quotedblright put dup 45 /endash put 127 /quotedblleft put 0 1 4 { ILEncoding insertcharnum } for 6 1 6 { ILEncoding insertcharnum } for 8 1 11 { ILEncoding insertcharnum } for 13 1 26 { ILEncoding insertcharnum } for % % Create a dictionary entry in "fontmap" indexed by % PL fontnames with PS names and sizes as entries % a call is of the form: /timsps10 /ILtims 10 map % /map { 0 begin /PSsize xdf /PSname xdf /PLname xdf /psd 2 dict def psd /pssize PSsize put psd /psname PSname put fontmap PLname psd put % install it end } bdf /map load 0 4 dict put % % Symbol_B character encoding vector. Encodes IL char num to PS % symbol names. % ILSymEncoding 32 [ /space /logicalor /arrowright /arrowdblleft /arrowdblup /arrowdblright /lozenge /arrowhorizex /angleleft /registersans /Upsilon1 /plusminus /second /angle /greaterequal /radical /ellipsis /Ifraktur /spade /lessequal /minute /degree /fraction /florin /infinity /approxequal /integral /propersuperset /parenrightbt /arrowup /bracketrighttp /aleph /arrowdblboth /bracerightbt /integralbt /notsubset /bracketleftbt /trademarksans /bracelefttp /braceleftmid /braceleftbt /bracketlefttp /braceex /apple /angleright /parenrightex /parenrighttp /arrowdown /divide /element /summation /bracketleftex /parenlefttp /parenleftbt /dotmath /copyrightsans /integralex /parenleftex /integraltp /registerserif /intersection /trademarkserif /arrowdbldown /gradient /logicalnot /reflexsubset /equivalence /propersubset /partialdiff /arrowboth /circlemultiply /heart /bracketrightex /bracerightmid /emptyset /bracketrightbt /Rfraktur /proportional /reflexsuperset /carriagereturn /notequal /notelement /diamond /club /bracerighttp /arrowleft /weierstrass /bullet /circleplus /multiply /arrowvertex /copyrightserif /union /product /logicaland ] putinterval 0 1 32 {ILSymEncoding insertcharnum } for 127 1 255 {ILSymEncoding insertcharnum } for /declareFont { /PLnum xdf /PLname xdf useNativeFonts { PSfontobj PLnum fontmap PLname get dup /psname get findfont invertmatrix makefont exch /pssize get DPIx 72 div mul scalefont put } { PSfontobj PLnum % into the Plnum'th object make a dictionary: 10 dict dup begin /FontType 3 def % scale 300 dpi downloaded fonts to target resolution (1270/300). /FontMatrix [DPIx 300 div 0 0 DPIy 300 div 0 0] def /FontBBox [0 0 0 0] def %updated by LoadGlyph /Encoding ILEncoding def /BuildChar { 0 begin /char xdf /fontdict xdf /charname fontdict /Encoding get char get def /charinfo fontdict /CharData get charname get def /wx charinfo 0 get def charinfo 0 get BOGUSWIDTH eq {puterrchar} { /charbbox charinfo 1 4 getinterval def wx 0 charbbox aload pop setcachedevice charinfo 5 get charinfo 6 get true fontdict /imagemaskmatrix get dup 5 charinfo 8 get put dup 4 charinfo 7 get put charinfo 9 get imagemask }ifelse end %BuildChar dict }def %BuildChar /BuildChar load 0 7 dict put /imagemaskmatrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] def %scale factors irrelevant /CharData MAXCHARS dict def % CharData is built by LoadGlyph. end %font dictionary defn PLname exch definefont put %load a bogus space character in case no one does PSfontobj PLnum get /CharData get /space [16 0 0 1 1 16 1 0 0 [<00>] cvx ] put } ifelse } def /numLoadEmptyGlyph { 0 begin % by number, load font data for char with width but no bits /charno xdf /fontno xdf /w xdf w fontno PSfontobj fontno get /Encoding get charno get LoadEmptyGlyph end } bdf /numLoadEmptyGlyph load 0 3 dict put /LoadEmptyGlyph { 0 begin % by name, load font data for char with width but no bits /charname xdf /fontno xdf /w xdf PSfontobj fontno get /CharData get charname [w 0 0 1 1 w 1 0 0 [<00>] cvx ] put end } bdf /LoadEmptyGlyph load 0 3 dict put /puterrchar { PSfontobj errfontno get dup /BuildChar get errcharno exch exec (\tInterleaf::out of VM loading bitmap (?). Try breaking up document\n) dup print flush emsg1 copy pop } bdf /timeToQuit { % initialstate restore (\tInterleaf::completely out of memory. \n\tTry breaking up the document \n) dup print flush emsg2 copy pop % headerpage showpage stop } bdf /LoadGlyph { 0 begin % load a glyph into the CharData entry of PSFontobj[fontno] % the entry is in the position implied by charno % and with the metrics height, width, lsb /charno xdf /fontno xdf /height xdf /vadj xdf /width xdf /hsize xdf /lsb xdf /noVMHEADROOM vmstatus exch sub exch pop dup VMHEADROOM 2 idiv lt {timeToQuit} if VMHEADROOM lt {true } {false} ifelse def /nbytes hsize 15 add 16 idiv 2 mul height mul def noVMHEADROOM not {/glyph nbytes string def } if currentfile noVMHEADROOM {trashheap 0 nbytes getinterval } {glyph} ifelse readhexstring pop pop %actually, we pass bitmap rounded to 16 bits wide: /hsize hsize 15 add 16 idiv 16 mul def /thefont PSfontobj fontno get def %the font dict % if we are loading glyphs, PSfontobj is an array of % dictionaries each of which already has the form % of Program 21, PS T&C /charname thefont /Encoding get charno get def %access by name ! %now make the parameters for the CharData % 1 unit = 1 pixel /tx lsb neg def /ty vadj neg def /lly height vadj add def %lower left of bbox /llx lsb def /urx hsize lsb add def %upper right /ury vadj def thefont /CharData get charname noVMHEADROOM { [BOGUSWIDTH] } {[width llx lly urx ury hsize height tx ty [glyph] cvx ]} ifelse put end } bdf /LoadGlyph load 0 20 dict put /sf { PSfontobj exch get setfont } bdf % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % FILL PATTERNS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Fill patterns by clipping a rectangle filled with characters % % IL patterns are presently on 32x32 tiles, even if there is a subtile % which would define the whole pattern. However, we attempt generality % here grayArray determines whether to use grayscale for some patterns % even if not using native patterns % /stdsizex 32 def /stdsizey 32 def /patternstring 1 string def /grayArray [ %indexed by position in IL pattern font, -1 means not grayscale % others are fraction of WHITE -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 .92 .8 .65 0 .5 .35 .2 ] def /patgrayArray [ %when using grayscale as complete simulation 0 .12 .22 .32 .42 .52 .62 .72 .82 .92 .17 .27 .37 1 .92 .8 .65 0 .5 .35 .2 ] def % % THE APPLICATION CALLS: % /fillpatset { % fnum patchar fillpatset /patchar xdf % selects pattern ch in font fnum /pfindex xdf patgraylevel dup 0 ge { % The extra call to patgraylevel /patIsGray true def % is needed because PS computes /patgray xdf % both operands of an "and" operator } { % even if the first is false. pop /patIsGray false def } ifelse } bdf /fp { gsave pfindex 0 eq patchar 0 eq and { % special case /patIsGray true def /patgray 0 def } if patIsGray { /oldgray currentgray def patgray setgray eofill oldgray setgray } { useNativeFonts { % native non gray fill patterns patchar 0 showpattern } { currentfont PSfontobj pfindex get setfont pfill dup null ne {setfont} {pop} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse grestore } bdf % % Private implementation procedures % % Before invoking pfill, you must have set the pattern % font as the current font. % pfill will cause a newpath, just as do fill and stroke. % /pfill { gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore % must fill on white gsave setupfactors setupregion blastchars grestore newpath } bdf /setupfactors { 0 setgray [] 0 setdash patternstring 0 patchar put /patx stdsizex def /paty stdsizey def } bdf /setupregion { eoclip pathbbox /ry exch ceiling def /rx exch ceiling def /ly exch floor cvi dup 0 lt{paty sub}if %We need (lx,ly) modulo (patx,paty) dup paty mod sub def %in device space coords. /lx exch floor cvi dup 0 lt{patx sub}if dup patx mod sub def /ry ry paty add def %we are painting downwards as positive /ly ly paty sub def newpath } bdf /blastchars { /#chars rx lx sub patx div ceiling cvi def ly paty ry { lx exch moveto #chars{ patternstring show} repeat }for } bdf /patgraylevel { patchar grayArray length ge { -1 } { grayArray patchar get } ifelse } bdf % % Non gray Native fill pattern. Right out of the PS cook book page 192. % /setuserscreendict 22 dict def setuserscreendict begin /tempctm matrix def /temprot matrix def /tempscale matrix def /concatprocs {/proc2 exch cvlit def /proc1 exch cvlit def /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx } bdf /resmatrix matrix def /findresolution {72 0 resmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform /yres xdf /xres xdf xres dup mul yres dup mul add sqrt } bdf end /setuserscreen {setuserscreendict begin /spotfunction xdf /screenangle xdf /cellsize xdf /m tempctm currentmatrix def /rm screenangle temprot rotate def /sm cellsize dup tempscale scale def sm rm m m concatmatrix m concatmatrix pop 1 0 m dtransform /y1 xdf /x1 xdf /veclength x1 dup mul y1 dup mul add sqrt def /veclength veclength DPIx 72 div mul def /frequency findresolution veclength div def /newscreenangle y1 x1 atan def m 2 get m 1 get mul m 0 get m 3 get mul sub 0 gt {{neg} /spotfunction load concatprocs /spotfunction xdf } if frequency newscreenangle /spotfunction load setscreen end % setuserscreendict begin } bdf /setpatterndict 18 dict def setpatterndict begin /bitison {/ybit xdf /xbit xdf /bytevalue bstring ybit bwidth mul xbit 8 idiv add get def /mask 1 7 xbit 8 mod sub bitshift def bytevalue mask and 0 ne } bdf end % setpatterndict begin /bitpatternspotfunction {setpatterndict begin /y xdf /x xdf /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def xindex yindex bitison {/onbits onbits 1 add def 1 } {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0 } ifelse end % setpatterndict begin } bdf /setpattern {setpatterndict begin /cellsz xdf /angle xdf /bwidth xdf /bpside xdf /bstring xdf /onbits 0 def /offbits 0 def cellsz angle /bitpatternspotfunction load setuserscreen {} settransfer offbits offbits onbits add div setgray end % setpatterndict begin } bdf /showpattern {/ang xdf /patnum xdf patternarray patnum get 32 4 ang 72 300 32 div div setpattern eofill } bdf /patternarray [ <> < 00000000 60c00030 60c00030 00000000 00000000 060c0003 060c0003 00000000 00000000 3060c000 3060c000 00000000 00000000 03060c00 03060c00 00000000 00000000 003060c0 003060c0 00000000 00000000 0003060c 0003060c 00000000 00000000 c0003060 c0003060 00000000 00000000 0c000306 0c000306 00000000 > < 00000000 0c000306 0c000306 00000000 00000000 c0003060 c0003060 00000000 00000000 0003060c 0003060c 00000000 00000000 003060c0 003060c0 00000000 00000000 03060c00 03060c00 00000000 00000000 3060c000 3060c000 00000000 00000000 060c0003 060c0003 00000000 00000000 60c00030 60c00030 00000000 > < 00030c00 00030c00 00000000 00000000 000030c0 000030c0 00000000 00000000 0000030c 0000030c 00000000 00000000 c0000030 c0000030 00000000 00000000 0c000003 0c000003 00000000 00000000 30c00000 30c00000 00000000 00000000 030c0000 030c0000 00000000 00000000 0030c000 0030c000 00000000 00000000 > < 0030c000 0030c000 00000000 00000000 030c0000 030c0000 00000000 00000000 30c00000 30c00000 00000000 00000000 0c000003 0c000003 00000000 00000000 c0000030 c0000030 00000000 00000000 0000030c 0000030c 00000000 00000000 000030c0 000030c0 00000000 00000000 00030c00 00030c00 00000000 00000000 > < 00000000 00000707 00000707 00000707 00000000 00007070 00007070 00007070 00000000 00000707 00000707 00000707 00000000 00007070 00007070 00007070 00000000 00000707 00000707 00000707 00000000 00007070 00007070 00007070 00000000 00000707 00000707 00000707 00000000 00007070 00007070 00007070 > < 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0e0e0e0e 0e0e0e0e 0e0e0e0e 00000000 e0e0e0e0 e0e0e0e0 e0e0e0e0 00000000 0e0e0e0e 0e0e0e0e 0e0e0e0e 00000000 e0e0e0e0 e0e0e0e0 e0e0e0e0 > < cccc0ccc cccc0ccc 00000000 00000000 cccc0ccc cccc0ccc 00000000 00000000 cccc0ccc cccc0ccc 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc 0ccccccc 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc 0ccccccc 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc 0ccccccc 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 > < 88880888 88880888 00000000 00000000 88880888 88880888 00000000 00000000 88880888 88880888 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 08888888 08888888 00000000 00000000 08888888 08888888 00000000 00000000 08888888 08888888 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 > < 00000308 00000308 00040308 00040398 000c01d0 007e01f8 01cb80fc 0309803e 0618802f 06108027 06108063 07100843 03b01843 03e01046 01f018c6 00781c9c 007c07f0 005e0080 004e0180 00c60100 10860100 30860000 208c0000 318c0000 39380002 0fe00002 01000006 0300003f c20000e5 c2000184 40000304 4000030c > < 00007618 00003c70 00003fe0 00000f80 00000800 00040800 00041800 000c1000 00081000 007e0000 01db0000 03138000 06138000 06310000 0c200000 0c200010 18600010 18400030 18400020 18c001f8 1880076c 1c810c4e 1d86184e 0f1c18c4 0ff83080 03e03080 02006180 02006100 06006100 04006300 04006200 00007204 > < 00000180 00000180 00000000 00000000 00000198 00000198 00000000 00000000 00000198 00000198 00000000 00000000 00000198 00000198 00000000 00000000 00000198 00000198 00000000 00000000 19999998 19999998 00000000 00000000 01999998 01999998 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 > < 00000400 00000000 00000100 00000180 00000000 00000000 00000190 00000198 00000000 00000000 00000198 00000198 00000000 00000000 00000998 00000998 00000000 00000000 00001998 00019990 40000000 00000000 19999980 09999980 00000000 00000000 01999800 00999000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 > ] def % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Page %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /bop {/pagestate save def } bdf /eop {docutmark {cutmark} if showpage pagestate restore } bdf %prints N copies % % Define clipping path % /clp {initclip newpath av as as as closepath clip } bdf % % Cutting marks for typsetter paper % /cutmark { 0 begin /pw DPIx 40 div def % pen width /pw2 pw 2 div def /lnx DPIx 4 div def /lny DPIy 4 div def initclip pw sw [] 0 setdash newpath pw2 neg pw2 neg translate lnx neg 0 av lnx 0 as 0 lny neg av 0 lny as PSpagewidth pw add 0 translate lnx neg 0 av lnx 0 as 0 lny neg av 0 lny as 0 PSpagelength pw add translate lnx neg 0 av lnx 0 as 0 lny neg av 0 lny as PSpagewidth pw add neg 0 translate lnx neg 0 av lnx 0 as 0 lny neg av 0 lny as dp end } bdf /cutmark load 0 4 dict put %! % InterLeaf to Postscript fontname mapping % /fontmap 14 dict def /Ops6 /ILtims 6 map /Ops7 /ILtims 7 map /Ops8 /ILtims 8 map /timsps10 /ILtims 10 map /timsps12 /ILtims 12 map /timsps12b /ILtimsb 12 map /timsps12i /ILtimsi 12 map /timsps14b /ILtimsb 14 map /helvps8 /ILhelv 8 map /helvps8b /ILhelvb 8 map /helvps10 /ILhelv 10 map /helvps10b /ILhelvb 10 map /helvps12b /ILhelvb 12 map /helvps14b /ILhelvb 14 map % % Create and ReEncode the following fonts. % /Times-Roman /ILtims ILEncoding ReEncode /Times-Italic /ILtimsi ILEncoding ReEncode /Times-Bold /ILtimsb ILEncoding ReEncode /Helvetica /ILhelv ILEncoding ReEncode /Helvetica-Bold /ILhelvb ILEncoding ReEncode %! % >> pl2ps version 3.2.1 1 2 3 versioncheck /hline 4 array def hline 3 (For: westine ) put hline 2 (Document: cmr90-ps ) put hline 1 (Last saved on: Mon Jul 16 15:51:09 1990 ) put hline 0 (Printed on: Mon Jul 16 15:49:36 1990 ) put logme letter /initialstate save def /PSpagelength 3300 def /PSpagewidth 2550 def /DPIx 300 def /DPIy 300 def 72 DPIx div 72 DPIy div neg scale 0 3300 neg translate /PSfontobj 85 array def /useNativeFonts true def /drawmode PL_SET def 4.0 sw /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 1275.0 120.0 m 2237.0 283.0 m ( ) 2250 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 1]) 2246 0.00 32 s 297.0 413.0 m 2023.0 411.0 m (A. Westine) 2248 0.00 32 s 297.0 h (Network Working Group) 804 0.00 32 s 297.0 459.0 m (Request for Comments:) 772 0.00 32 s 2001.0 h (A. DeSchon) 2246 0.00 32 s 2079.0 507.0 m (J. Postel) 2246 0.00 32 s 2021.0 555.0 m (C. E. Ward) 2248 0.00 32 s 2065.0 600.0 m (USC/ISI) 2238 0.00 -1 s 2036.0 639.0 m (July 1990) 2233 1.00 32 s 837.0 455.0 m ( 1168) 951 1.00 32 s 2253.0 413.0 m /timsps14b 2 declareFont 2 sf 1275.0 765.0 m 459.0 841.0 m (INTERMAIL) 803 0.00 -1 s ( AND COMMERCIAL MAIL RELAY SERVICES) 2093 2.20 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 953.0 m (STATUS) 494 0.00 -1 s ( OF THIS MEMO) 894 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 1061.0 m (This RFC discusses the history and evolution of the Intermail and Commercial mail systems.) 2196 2.62 32 s 300.0 1127.0 m (The problems encountered in operating a store-and-forward mail relay between commercial) 2184 2.70 32 s 300.0 1192.0 m (systems such as Telemail, MCI Mail and Dialcom are also discussed. This RFC provides) 2114 2.62 32 s 300.0 1258.0 m (information for the Internet community, and does not specify any standard. Distribution of this) 2248 2.21 32 s 300.0 1324.0 m (memo is unlimited.) 693 2.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1431.0 m (INTRODUCTION) 698 0.00 -1 s 1 sf 300.0 1539.0 m (The evolution of large electronic mail systems testifies to the increasing importance of) 2061 2.17 32 s 300.0 1604.0 m (electronic mail as a means of communication and coordination throughout the scientific) 2093 2.91 32 s 300.0 1670.0 m (research community. ) 739 3.00 32 s 300.0 1778.0 m (This paper is a summary of the development of, and a status report on, an experiment in) 2104 2.38 32 s 300.0 1843.0 m (protocol interoperation between mail systems of different design. USC/Information Sciences) 2200 2.70 32 s 300.0 1909.0 m (Institute \(ISI\) began work on this experiment in 1981 and over the years has provided an) 2113 2.13 32 s 300.0 1975.0 m (evolving demonstration service for users to exchange mail between the Internet and a few) 2133 2.54 32 s 300.0 2040.0 m (commercial mail systems.) 825 2.00 32 s 300.0 2148.0 m (Recently other organizations have begun to provide similar services, demonstrating the ongoing) 2248 2.27 32 s 300.0 2214.0 m (need for interoperation of the Internet and the commercial mail systems. We believe that ISI's) 2242 2.67 32 s 300.0 2280.0 m (pioneering work in this area has promoted this expansion of service.) 1692 2.30 32 s 300.0 2387.0 m (These systems include the Internet mail system, the US Sprint Telemail system, the MCI Mail) 2228 2.86 32 s 300.0 2453.0 m (system, and the Dialcom systems. All of the systems were designed to operate autonomously,) 2208 2.54 32 s 300.0 2518.0 m (with no convenient mechanism to allow users of one system to send electronic mail to users on) 2243 2.44 32 s 300.0 2584.0 m (another system.) 616 2.00 32 s 300.0 2692.0 m (The Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay \(CMR\) services described in this paper were) 2088 2.25 32 s 300.0 2757.0 m (developed to provide a means for sending mail between the Internet and these commercial mail) 2251 2.71 32 s 300.0 2823.0 m (systems.) 470 0.00 -1 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 2]) 2246 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (The Internet is an interconnected system of networks using the SMTP mail protocol, which) 2163 2.46 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (includes the ARPANET, MILNET, NSFNET, and about 700 other networks; mail relays allow) 2236 2.17 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (the exchange of mail with BITNET, CSNET, and the UUCP networks as well. To the users,) 2199 2.31 32 s 300.0 610.0 m (this Internet looks like one large mail system with at least 100,000 computers and at least) 2131 2.67 32 s 300.0 675.0 m (400,000 users. Figure 1 illustrates the path of a message sent by a user on one Internet host to) 2233 2.32 32 s 300.0 741.0 m (a user on another Internet host. For more details on the Internet and connected networks \(see) 2210 2.38 32 s 300.0 807.0 m (Appendix) 497 0.00 -1 s ( A\).) 577 1.00 32 s 300.0 914.0 m (As) 355 0.00 -1 s ( commercial mail systems came into popular use, it became clear that a mail link between) 2184 2.00 32 s 300.0 980.0 m (the Internet and the commercial mail systems was necessary \(see Appendix B\). More and) 2137 2.36 32 s 300.0 1046.0 m (more commercial and research entities needed to communicate with the Internet research) 2116 2.82 32 s 300.0 1111.0 m (community, and many of these organizations \(for one reason or another\) were inappropriate) 2171 2.25 32 s 300.0 1177.0 m (candidates for Internet sites. The Intermail and CMR services allow these groups to) 2019 2.46 32 s 300.0 1243.0 m (communicate with Internet users by purchasing electronic mail services from commercial) 2123 2.80 32 s 300.0 1308.0 m (companies.) 526 0.00 -1 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 1416.0 m (INTERMAIL) 592 0.00 -1 s 1 sf 300.0 1524.0 m (Intermail is an experimental mail forwarding system that allows users to send electronic mail) 2202 2.69 32 s 300.0 1590.0 m (across mail system boundaries. The use of Intermail is nearly transparent, in that users on each) 2236 2.53 32 s 300.0 1655.0 m (system are able to use their usual mail programs to prepare, send, and receive messages. No) 2195 2.63 32 s 300.0 1721.0 m (modifications to any of the mail programs on any of the systems are required. 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It ran on the TOPS-20 operating system and was used to) 2190 2.13 32 s 300.0 2951.0 m (forward VLSI chip specifications for the MOSIS project between the ARPANET and the) 2116 2.17 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 3]) 2246 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (Telemail system. The original addressing model used in this system was called \177Source Route) 2230 2.21 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (Forwarding". It was developed to handle situations in which a message might travel multiple) 2213 2.64 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (hops before reaching its destination.) 1036 2.75 32 s 300.0 652.0 m (Later, in 1983, Annette DeSchon converted Intermail into a more general-purpose) 1982 2.60 32 s 300.0 717.0 m (mail-forwarding system, supporting forwarding between the Internet mail system and three) 2160 2.30 32 s 300.0 783.0 m (commercial mail systems: Telemail, MCI Mail, and Dialcom [3,4].) 1667 2.63 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (As it became apparent that the level of generality of Source Route Forwarding was not needed,) 2240 2.27 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (and as Intermail gained acceptance among users, an easier approach to addressing was) 2064 2.83 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (developed. The new addressing model is called \177Simple Forwarding". This form of) 2032 2.46 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (addressing, like Source Route Forwarding, appears at the beginning of the text of each) 2069 2.62 32 s 300.0 1153.0 m (message. It can be used to include various Internet mail header fields in addition to the) 2094 2.63 32 s 300.0 1219.0 m (standard \177To" and \177Cc" address fields. This format also allows the use of special address) 2135 2.53 32 s 300.0 1285.0 m (formats, such as U.S. postal addresses and TELEX addresses, which are supported by the MCI) 2231 2.29 32 s 300.0 1350.0 m (Mail system. The Intermail system performed partially automated error handling. Error) 2107 2.42 32 s 300.0 1416.0 m (messages were created by the Intermail program and were then either approved or corrected by) 2243 2.50 32 s 300.0 1482.0 m (a human postmaster.) 719 3.00 32 s 300.0 1590.0 m (Figure 2 illustrates the pathways between the user mailboxes in the commercial mail systems) 2202 2.85 32 s 300.0 1655.0 m (and the user mailboxes in the Internet via the Intermail accounts and program modules. Figure) 2246 2.60 32 s 300.0 1721.0 m (3 shows the Intermail processing in more detail.) 1281 2.43 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 1828.0 m (COMMERCIAL) 662 0.00 -1 s ( MAIL RELAY) 999 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 1936.0 m (In) 342 0.00 -1 s ( 1988, the Commercial Mail Relay \(CMR\) was developed to run on a dedicated UNIX) 2108 2.36 32 s 300.0 2002.0 m (system, replacing the TOPS-20-based Intermail system. The CMR is a store-and-forward mail) 2250 2.55 32 s 300.0 2067.0 m (link between the Internet and two commercial systems, Telemail and Dialcom. The only) 2106 2.83 32 s 300.0 2133.0 m (remaining forwarding performed by the TOPS-20 Intermail system is in support of the MCI) 2180 2.00 32 s 300.0 2199.0 m (Mail system. \(This is planned for conversion to the CMR.\) The CMR supports relay-style) 2179 2.19 32 s 300.0 2264.0 m (addressing in the \177Internet to commercial system" direction, as well as Simple Forwarding in) 2205 2.77 32 s 300.0 2330.0 m (both directions. One advantage of relay-style addressing is that users from different) 2023 2.33 32 s 300.0 2396.0 m (commercial systems can appear on Internet mailing lists. Another advantage is that the reply) 2206 2.79 32 s 300.0 2461.0 m (features of most Internet user applications can be used by Internet users to respond to mail that) 2238 2.38 32 s 300.0 2527.0 m (originated on a commercial system. Unfortunately, since we do not have access to the) 2055 2.77 32 s 300.0 2593.0 m (address-parsing software on the commercial systems, it is not possible for users of the) 2060 2.23 32 s 300.0 2658.0 m (commercial systems to enter addresses directly into the message header, and they must) 2073 2.83 32 s 300.0 2724.0 m (continue to use Simple Forwarding.) 1029 2.75 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 4]) 2246 0.00 32 s 0.0 2970.0 m 0.0 v newpath 1260 1131 1000 704 0.0000 89.9593 449.9592 el [] 0 setdash dp 8.0 sw newpath 240 395 av 2281 395 as 2281 2897 as 240 2897 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 4.0 sw newpath 1161 555 av 1361 555 as 1361 676 as 1161 676 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps8 6 declareFont 6 sf 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closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1396 1436 av 4.0 sw newpath 1432 1436 av 1721 1437 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1721 1437 av 1721 1976 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1061 1976 av 1061 1946 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1049 1955 av 1061 1976 as 1073 1955 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1061 1976 av 4.0 sw newpath 720 1976 av 720 1946 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 708 1955 av 720 1976 as 733 1955 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 720 1976 av 6 sf 1420.0 1361.0 m (Mail) 1480 0.00 -1 s ( Queue) 1587 0.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1061 1236 av 1061 1946 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1061 1236 av 1130 1236 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1381 1564 av 1381 2036 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1380 1536 av 1381 1564 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1392 1557 av 1380 1536 as 1368 1557 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1380 1536 av 4.0 sw newpath 801 996 av 801 966 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 789 975 av 801 996 as 812 975 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 801 996 av 4.0 sw newpath 680 1456 av 680 1976 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 720 1176 av 720 1946 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 680 1456 av 1221 1456 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1601 1176 av 1601 936 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1601 926 av 1601 956 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1613 947 av 1601 926 as 1589 947 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1601 926 av 4.0 sw newpath 801 966 av 801 916 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1350 855 av 1358 855 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1371 843 av 1350 855 as 1350 855 as 1371 867 as 1371 867 as closepath fp newpath 1371 843 av 1350 855 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1350 855 av 1371 867 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1371 867 av 1371 843 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp 0.0 sw newpath 1350 855 av 4.0 sw newpath 1361 856 av 1422 856 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1241 575 av 1241 596 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1253 596 av 1241 575 as 1241 575 as 1229 596 as 1229 596 as closepath fp newpath 1253 596 av 1241 575 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1241 575 av 1229 596 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1229 596 av 1253 596 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp 0.0 sw newpath 1241 575 av 4.0 sw newpath 1241 596 av 1240 756 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1161 759 av 1161 736 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1149 738 av 1161 759 as 1173 738 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1161 759 av 4.0 sw newpath 1161 579 av 1160 736 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 801 1136 av 801 1416 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 801 1416 av 1221 1416 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1241 1416 av 1211 1416 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1220 1428 av 1241 1416 as 1220 1404 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1241 1416 av 4.0 sw newpath 1401 1176 av 1601 1176 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8 sf 824.0 2916.0 m (Figure) 978 0.00 -1 s ( 3 - Intermail Processing) 1574 1.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 500 2421 av 780 2421 as 780 2561 as 500 2561 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1390 1236 av 1681 1236 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1239 1282 av 1244 1290 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1260 1294 av 1240 1282 as 1240 1306 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1240 1282 av 4.0 sw newpath 1245 1293 av 1281 1356 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 990 855 av 998 855 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1011 843 av 990 855 as 990 855 as 1011 867 as 1011 867 as closepath fp newpath 1011 843 av 990 855 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 990 855 av 1011 867 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1011 867 av 1011 843 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp 0.0 sw newpath 990 855 av 4.0 sw newpath 1001 856 av 1062 856 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1221 2036 av 1381 2036 as [] 0 setdash dp 2550.0 2970.0 m 1 sf eop 0.0 0.0 m /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 6]) 2246 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (The CMR supports automated error handling, which enables the system to provide faster) 2108 2.33 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (turnaround on messages containing addressing errors, and requires much less intervention from) 2236 2.18 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (a human postmaster.) 719 3.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 652.0 m (DESCRIPTION OF THE CMR) 985 2.00 32 s ( SYSTEM) 1204 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 759.0 m (The) 378 0.00 -1 s ( Multi-channel Memo Distribution Facility \(MMDF\) is used as the system mail software) 2190 2.42 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (because of its notion of separating the mail queue into separate channels [5]. This makes it) 2170 2.56 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (easy to dedicate a channel/queue combination to each commercial system. Internet mail comes) 2246 2.69 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (in over the standard SMTP port, and the system parses the destination address, queuing the) 2158 2.43 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (message in the proper outgoing queue. A tag can be added to outgoing traffic so that replies) 2195 2.41 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (can be made without any special processing at the destination site.) 1657 2.90 32 s 300.0 1196.0 m (The CMR uses a relay mailbox on each commercial system. Commercial users send mail to) 2191 2.73 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (this mailbox with a Simple Forwarding Header \(SFH\) at the head of their message text. Each) 2223 2.56 32 s 300.0 1327.0 m (channel, in addition to sending outgoing mail into the commercial system, reads all messages) 2206 2.85 32 s 300.0 1393.0 m (in the relay mailbox and places them in a spool file in the CMR host computer.) 1924 2.53 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (The processing of the spool file is performed by a single daemon. It parses each commercial) 2187 2.47 32 s 300.0 1566.0 m (system message header to find the sender and subject, then it searches for and processes the) 2174 2.60 32 s 300.0 1631.0 m (SFH. The SFH contains the destination Internet addresses. Figure 4a illustrates the path of) 2176 2.67 32 s 300.0 1697.0 m (mail from the Internet to the commercial sytems. Figure 4b illustrates the path from the) 2091 2.64 32 s 300.0 1763.0 m (commercial systrems to the Internet. Note: MCI Mail is not yet implemented.) 1899 2.75 32 s 300.0 1870.0 m (The CMR employs a simple accounting mechanism: a shell script counts the number of times) 2227 2.60 32 s 300.0 1936.0 m (a string marker occurs in the MMDF logs. At the end of the month, another script uses an) 2151 2.28 32 s 300.0 2002.0 m (\177awk" program to total the number of messages sent and received with each commercial) 2109 2.69 32 s 300.0 2067.0 m (system. The Commercial Mail Relay is being developed by Craig E. Ward. Ann Westine) 2133 2.71 32 s 300.0 2133.0 m (served as the Postmaster for both Intermail and the CMR until March 1989. Currently, our) 2162 2.27 32 s 300.0 2199.0 m (Action Office serves as Postmaster. Questions may be sent to \177Intermail-Request@ISI.EDU".) 2234 2.64 32 s 3 sf 300.0 2306.0 m (COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS) 910 2.00 32 s ( SERVED) 1126 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2414.0 m (The) 378 0.00 -1 s ( CMR provides mail relay service between the Internet and two commercial electronic mail) 2238 2.08 32 s 300.0 2480.0 m (systems: the US Sprint Telemail system and the Dialcom system. A CMR connection to MCI) 2238 2.56 32 s 300.0 2546.0 m (Mail is under development. MCI Mail is currently served by the TOPS-20 Intermail system.) 2204 2.43 32 s 300.0 2611.0 m (See Appendix C for recent traffic data.) 1096 2.67 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 7]) 2246 0.00 32 s 0.0 2841.0 m 0.0 sw 0.0 v newpath 1270 1055 av 1681 1055 as 8.0 sw newpath 240 595 av 2161 595 as 2161 2676 as 240 2676 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps14b 10 declareFont 10 sf 333.0 559.0 m (The Internet to Commercial Systems:) 1363 1.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 620 755 av 1841 755 as 1841 1976 as 620 1976 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 640 2396 260 240 0.0000 -90.0000 270.0000 el [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1201 2396 260 240 0.0000 -90.0000 270.0000 el [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1761 2396 260 240 0.0000 -90.0000 270.0000 el [] 0 setdash dp /helvps12b 8 declareFont 8 sf 1087.0 677.0 m (The) 1177 0.00 -1 s ( Internet) 1377 1.00 32 s 8.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 733 1376 av 993 1376 as 993 1556 as 733 1556 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps8b 5 declareFont 5 sf 823.0 1441.0 m (SFH) 889 0.00 -1 s 787.0 1477.0 m (Intermail) 924 0.00 -1 s 791.0 1514.0 m (Daemon) 921 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 921 1136 av 1501 1136 as 1501 1276 as 921 1276 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1097.0 1221.0 m (MMDF) 1197 0.00 -1 s ( ) 1207 1.00 32 s ( Process) 1343 0.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 720 1736 av 960 1736 as 960 1916 as 720 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 790.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 890 0.00 -1 s 757.0 1838.0 m (TELEMAIL) 922 0.00 -1 s 770.0 1874.0 m ( Channel) 909 1.00 32 s /helvps8 6 declareFont 6 sf 561.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 737 0.00 -1 s 597.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 710 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1061 2240 av 1341 2240 as 1341 2380 as 1061 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1121.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 1297 0.00 -1 s 1157.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 1270 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1629 2240 av 1909 2240 as 1909 2380 as 1629 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1681.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 1857 0.00 -1 s 1718.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 1831 0.00 -1 s 8 sf 537.0 2486.0 m ( Telemail) 753 1.00 32 s 563.0 2541.0 m (System) 741 0.00 -1 s 1634.0 2486.0 m ( MCI Mail) 1869 1.00 32 s 1662.0 2541.0 m (System) 1840 0.00 -1 s 1062.0 2486.0 m ( Dialcom ) 1303 1.33 32 s 1085.0 2541.0 m (Systems) 1291 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1201 879 av 1201 855 as [] 0 setdash dp /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1189 858 av 1201 879 as 1213 858 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1201 879 av 4.0 sw newpath 1201 703 av 1200 855 as [] 0 setdash dp 1086.0 2756.0 m (Figure 4a) 1312 2.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 500 2240 av 780 2240 as 780 2380 as 500 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 8.0 sw newpath 1081 1736 av 1321 1736 as 1321 1916 as 1081 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 5 sf 1151.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 1251 0.00 -1 s 1123.0 1838.0 m (DIALCOM) 1278 0.00 -1 s 1125.0 1874.0 m ( Channel ) 1274 1.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1521 1736 av 1761 1736 as 1761 1916 as 1521 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1591.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 1691 0.00 -1 s 1565.0 1838.0 m (MCI MAIL) 1718 2.00 32 s 1570.0 1874.0 m ( Channel) 1709 1.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1154 1276 av 934 1702 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 921 1721 av 946 1696 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 921 1697 av 921 1721 as 942 1709 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 921 1721 av 4.0 sw newpath 1201 1276 av 1200 1709 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1200 1730 av 1200 1699 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1188 1709 av 1200 1730 as 1212 1709 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1200 1730 av 4.0 sw newpath 1303 1276 av 1554 1710 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1566 1731 av 1549 1699 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1545 1719 av 1566 1731 as 1566 1707 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1566 1731 av 4.0 sw newpath 1201 1134 av 1201 1121 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1189 1113 av 1201 1134 as 1213 1113 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1201 1134 av 4.0 sw newpath 1201 1036 av 1200 1121 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1201 2235 av 1201 2195 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1189 2214 av 1201 2235 as 1213 2214 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1201 2235 av 4.0 sw newpath 1201 2195 av 1202 1916 as [] 0 setdash dp /helvps10b 9 declareFont 9 sf 1579.0 1115.0 m (CMR) 1674 0.00 -1 s ( Host) 1779 0.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 960 1276 av 960 1347 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 960 1376 av 960 1346 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 949 1355 av 960 1376 as 973 1355 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 960 1376 av 8.0 sw newpath 1081 879 av 1321 879 as 1321 1043 as 1081 1043 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 5 sf 1154.0 944.0 m (SMTP) 1246 0.00 -1 s 1144.0 980.0 m (Server) 1246 0.00 -1 s ( ) 1255 0.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 660 1436 av 660 1076 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 660 1076 av 1024 1076 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1024 1136 av 1024 1076 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1013 1115 av 1024 1136 as 1037 1115 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1024 1136 av 4.0 sw newpath 660 1436 av 733 1436 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 720 2216 av 861 1916 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 706 2239 av 726 2203 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 706 2215 av 706 2239 as 727 2227 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 706 2239 av 4.0 sw newpath 1633 1916 av 1753 2216 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1757 2240 av 1746 2200 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1740 2223 av 1757 2240 as 1763 2217 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1757 2240 av 2550.0 2841.0 m 1 sf eop 0.0 0.0 m 4.0 sw /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 8]) 2246 0.00 32 s 0.0 2841.0 m 0.0 sw 0.0 v newpath 1350 1055 av 1761 1055 as 8.0 sw newpath 320 555 av 2241 555 as 2241 2717 as 320 2717 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps14b 10 declareFont 10 sf 372.0 519.0 m (Commercial Systems to the Internet:) 1386 1.25 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 700 715 av 1861 715 as 1861 1976 as 700 1976 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 720 2396 260 240 0.0000 -90.1194 269.8806 el [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1280 2396 260 240 0.0000 -89.8806 270.1192 el [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1841 2396 260 240 0.0000 -90.0000 270.0000 el [] 0 setdash dp /helvps12b 8 declareFont 8 sf 1127.0 657.0 m (The) 1217 0.00 -1 s ( Internet) 1417 1.00 32 s 8.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1173 1236 av 1433 1236 as 1433 1416 as 1173 1416 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps8b 5 declareFont 5 sf 1263.0 1301.0 m (SFH) 1329 0.00 -1 s 1227.0 1337.0 m (Intermail) 1364 0.00 -1 s 1231.0 1374.0 m (Daemon) 1361 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1129 795 av 1461 795 as 1461 935 as 1129 935 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1235.0 840.0 m (MMDF) 1335 0.00 -1 s 1238.0 877.0 m (SMTP) 1330 0.00 -1 s 1219.0 914.0 m (Channel) 1348 0.00 -1 s /helvps8 6 declareFont 6 sf 1166.0 1101.0 m (MMDF) 1266 0.00 -1 s ( Process) 1396 1.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 740 1736 av 981 1736 as 981 1916 as 740 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 5 sf 810.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 910 0.00 -1 s 777.0 1838.0 m (TELEMAIL) 942 0.00 -1 s 785.0 1874.0 m ( Channel ) 934 1.00 32 s 6 sf 641.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 817 0.00 -1 s 677.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 790 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1141 2240 av 1421 2240 as 1421 2380 as 1141 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1201.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 1377 0.00 -1 s 1238.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 1351 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1709 2240 av 1989 2240 as 1989 2380 as 1709 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1761.0 2301.0 m (INTERMAIL) 1937 0.00 -1 s 1798.0 2338.0 m (Mailbox) 1911 0.00 -1 s 8 sf 617.0 2486.0 m ( Telemail) 833 1.00 32 s 643.0 2541.0 m (System) 821 0.00 -1 s 1142.0 2486.0 m ( Dialcom ) 1383 1.33 32 s 1165.0 2541.0 m (Systems) 1371 0.00 -1 s 1714.0 2486.0 m ( MCI Mail) 1949 1.00 32 s 1742.0 2541.0 m (System) 1920 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1703 1916 av 1714 1956 as [] 0 setdash dp 0 0 fillpatset /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1720 1933 av 1703 1916 as 1697 1939 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1703 1916 av 4.0 sw newpath 1714 1956 av 1789 2240 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1281 675 av 1281 691 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1293 696 av 1281 675 as 1269 696 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1281 675 av 4.0 sw newpath 1281 795 av 1282 691 as [] 0 setdash dp 1165.0 2776.0 m (Figure 4b) 1394 2.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 580 2240 av 861 2240 as 861 2380 as 580 2380 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 8.0 sw newpath 1161 1736 av 1401 1736 as 1401 1916 as 1161 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 5 sf 1231.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 1331 0.00 -1 s 1203.0 1838.0 m (DIALCOM) 1358 0.00 -1 s 1210.0 1874.0 m ( Channel) 1349 1.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1581 1736 av 1821 1736 as 1821 1916 as 1581 1916 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1651.0 1801.0 m (MMDF) 1751 0.00 -1 s 1625.0 1838.0 m (MCI MAIL) 1778 2.00 32 s 1631.0 1874.0 m ( Channel) 1770 1.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 861 1596 av 862 1706 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1421 1596 av 1710 1596 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1280 1736 av 1280 1640 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1280 1636 av 1281 1643 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1292 1657 av 1280 1636 as 1268 1657 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1280 1636 av 4.0 sw newpath 861 1596 av 1164 1596 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1710 1596 av 1710 1721 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1710 1727 av 1711 1718 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1698 1706 av 1710 1727 as 1722 1706 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1710 1727 av 4.0 sw newpath 1281 1136 av 1281 1149 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1293 1156 av 1281 1136 as 1269 1156 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1281 1136 av 4.0 sw newpath 1281 1236 av 1282 1149 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 820 1916 av 810 1957 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 827 1939 av 820 1916 as 803 1933 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 820 1916 av 4.0 sw newpath 810 1957 av 734 2240 as [] 0 setdash dp /helvps10b 9 declareFont 9 sf 738.0 775.0 m (CMR) 833 0.00 -1 s ( Host) 938 0.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1282 1917 av 1282 1958 as [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1294 1938 av 1282 1917 as 1270 1938 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 0.0 sw newpath 1282 1917 av 4.0 sw newpath 1282 1958 av 1281 2240 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1403 1596 av 1421 1596 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1423 1584 av 1403 1596 as 1403 1596 as 1423 1608 as 1423 1608 as closepath fp newpath 1423 1584 av 1403 1596 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1403 1596 av 1423 1608 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1423 1608 av 1423 1584 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp 0.0 sw newpath 1403 1596 av 4.0 sw newpath 1181 1596 av 1164 1596 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1160 1608 av 1181 1596 as 1181 1596 as 1160 1584 as 1160 1584 as closepath fp newpath 1160 1608 av 1181 1596 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1181 1596 av 1160 1584 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp newpath 1160 1584 av 1160 1608 as [8 20 ] 4 2 setpenpat dp 0.0 sw newpath 1181 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1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2077.0 3110.0 m ([Page 9]) 2246 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (Telemail is an international commercial service. Some of the Telemail systems served by the) 2204 2.00 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (CMR include MAIL/USA, NASAMAIL/USA, and GSFC/USA. Some government agencies,) 2202 2.33 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (such as NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency, have dedicated Telemail systems.) 2181 2.91 32 s 300.0 610.0 m (Companies also exist that purchase bulk services from Telemail and resell the service to) 2101 2.77 32 s 300.0 675.0 m (individuals. Omnet's Sciencenet is a very popular example of this type of service.) 1988 2.62 32 s 300.0 783.0 m (Dialcom is a commercial service similar to Telemail in that it has facilities for allowing groups) 2247 2.80 32 s 300.0 849.0 m (to purchase tailored services, and some government agencies \(such as the National Science) 2157 2.92 32 s 300.0 914.0 m (Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture\) have special group-access plans. The) 2161 2.67 32 s 300.0 980.0 m (IEEE Computer Society also has a dedicated group service, called IEEE Compmail, which is) 2202 2.69 32 s 300.0 1046.0 m (open to members of the IEEE Computer Society.) 1303 2.43 32 s 300.0 1153.0 m (MCI Mail is operated by MCI and is marketed to large companies as well as individual users. ) 2244 2.44 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (Specific examples of the users of Intermail and the CMR are as follows:) 1778 2.50 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (1\) Scientists in Oceanography, Astronomy, Geology, and Agriculture use Intermail and the) 2170 2.42 32 s 300.0 1435.0 m (CMR to communicate with colleagues. Many of these scientists have accounts on) 1979 2.75 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (\177Sciencenet", which is actually part of a Telemail system administered by Omnet.) 1991 2.83 32 s 300.0 1608.0 m (\(2\) The IEEE Computer Society's publication editors use the Dialcom system \177Compmail" to) 2209 2.33 32 s 300.0 1673.0 m (manage the papers being prepared for their numerous publications. Many of the authors are in) 2233 2.33 32 s 300.0 1739.0 m (university departments with access to the Internet. Intermail and the CMR support a significant) 2256 2.57 32 s 300.0 1805.0 m (exchange of large messages containing manuscripts.) 1362 3.00 32 s 300.0 1912.0 m (\(3\) NASA uses Telemail systems for its own work and has extensive exchanges through its) 2172 2.07 32 s 300.0 1978.0 m (own relay service, as well as Intermail and the CMR, for communicating with university) 2109 2.54 32 s 300.0 2044.0 m (scientists on the Internet.) 810 3.00 32 s 300.0 2151.0 m (Other developments to interoperate between the Internet and Commercial mail systems are:) 2167 2.91 32 s 300.0 2217.0 m 2283.0 v 525.0 h (\(1\) The Merit gateway to Sprintmail and IEEE Compmail) 1721 2.33 32 s 300.0 2349.0 m 2414.0 v 525.0 h (\(2\) The CNRI gateway to MCI Mail) 1279 2.00 32 s 300.0 2480.0 m 2546.0 v 525.0 h (\(3\) The Ohio State University gateway to Compuserve, and,) 1766 2.33 32 s 300.0 2611.0 m 2677.0 v 525.0 h (\(4\) NASA-Ames gateway to Telemail) 1320 2.20 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 2785.0 m (ACCEPTABLE) 640 0.00 -1 s ( USE POLICY FOR INTERMAIL AND THE CMR) 1759 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2892.0 m (The Internet is composed of many networks sponsored by many) 1603 2.00 32 s ( organizations. However, all) 2192 2.25 32 s 300.0 2958.0 m (the Internet's long-haul networks are provided by U.S. government agencies. Each of these) 2183 2.46 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 10]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (agencies limits the use of the facilities it provides in some way. In general, the statement by an) 2252 2.22 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (agency about how its facilities may be used is called an \177Acceptable Use Policy".) 1974 3.00 32 s 300.0 586.0 m (The various agencies involved in the Internet are currently preparing their Acceptable Use) 2142 2.67 32 s 300.0 652.0 m (Policy statements. Most of these are in draft form and have not been released as official) 2113 2.63 32 s 300.0 717.0 m (agency statements as yet. None of these policies are currently available as online documents.) 2213 2.93 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (In the least restrictive case, all bona fide researchers and scholars, public and private, from the) 2234 2.80 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (United States and foreign countries \(unless denied access by national policy\) are allowed) 2115 2.67 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (access.) 439 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1064.0 m (The Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay \(CMR\) systems at ISI are resources provided by the) 2245 2.50 32 s 300.0 1130.0 m (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency \(DARPA\) for computing and communication.) 2174 2.44 32 s 300.0 1196.0 m (Use of these resources must be limited to DARPA-sponsored work or other) 1843 2.00 32 s ( approved) 2043 1.00 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (government business \(or) 796 2.00 32 s ( must otherwise meet the acceptable use policy of DARPA\), only.) 2143 2.40 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (However, DARPA, as a member of the Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee) 2155 2.73 32 s 300.0 1435.0 m (\(FRICC\), has agreed to the FRICC draft policy for communication networks, which provides in) 2252 2.31 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (part that: \177The member agencies of the FRICC agree to carry all traffic that meets the) 2076 2.75 32 s 300.0 1566.0 m (Acceptable Use Policy of the originating member agency".) 1504 3.00 32 s 300.0 1673.0 m (Thus, e-mail messages \(i.e., \177traffic"\) that meet the Acceptable Use Policy of an agency and) 2198 2.86 32 s 300.0 1739.0 m (pass through some facility of that agency \(i.e., \177the originating member"\) on the way to) 2092 2.36 32 s 300.0 1805.0 m (Intermail or CMR are allowed.) 931 2.75 32 s 300.0 1912.0 m (The current member agencies of the FRICC are DARPA, NSF, DOE, NASA, and NIH.) 2088 2.31 32 s 300.0 2020.0 m (BITNET and UUCP \(and other\) networks are interconnected to the Internet via mail relays. It) 2230 2.33 32 s 300.0 2086.0 m (is the responsibility of the managers of these mail relays to ensure that the e-mail messages) 2175 2.67 32 s 300.0 2151.0 m (\(\177traffic"\) that enter the Internet via their mail relays meet the Acceptable Use Policy of the) 2182 2.87 32 s 300.0 2217.0 m (member agency providing the Internet access.) 1236 3.00 32 s 300.0 2325.0 m (In addition, we cannot allow CMR or Intermail to be used simply as a bridge between two) 2147 2.31 32 s 300.0 2391.0 m (commercial systems, even though CMR has this technical capability. At least one end of the) 2202 2.80 32 s 300.0 2456.0 m (communication must be related to FRICC acceptable use.) 1472 2.57 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 2564.0 m (DETAILS OF CMR SYSTEM USE) 1069 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2671.0 m (The CMR host computer is Internet host INTERMAIL.ISI.EDU \(128.9.2.203\). ) 1935 2.00 32 s ( ) 1949 1.00 32 s 300.0 2737.0 m (The users of) 552 2.00 32 s ( the commercials system are required to know the proper gateways between the) 2173 2.42 32 s 300.0 2803.0 m (Internet and other networks such as BITNET, CSNET, or UUCP. ) 1648 2.00 32 s ( Users on networks) 2037 1.33 32 s 300.0 2868.0 m (interconnected) 594 0.00 -1 s ( to the Internet likewise need to know how to reach the Internet to send mail) 2160 2.40 32 s 300.0 2934.0 m (through INTERMAIL.ISI.EDU to a commercial system.) 1446 2.00 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 11]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (The relay connection to Telemail is through their host TELEMAIL/USA. The general syntax) 2212 2.38 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (for) 359 0.00 -1 s ( Telemail addresses is \177[USER/ORGANIZATION]HOST/COUNTRY", making the full) 2142 1.43 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (address) 449 0.00 -1 s ( for the relay mailbox:) 908 2.25 32 s 300.0 652.0 m ( ) 375 2.00 32 s ( [INTERMAIL/USCISI]TELEMAIL/USA) 1354 1.44 32 s 300.0 759.0 m (Users) 413 0.00 -1 s ( across the entire Telemail service can send mail to this address. Users on the) 2008 2.40 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (TELEMAIL host) 650 2.00 32 s ( need only send to INTERMAIL.) 1324 1.40 32 s 300.0 933.0 m (Internet) 456 0.00 -1 s ( users can use the basic Telemail format, append a \177%TELEMAIL" to it, and mail to) 2195 2.33 32 s 300.0 999.0 m (the resulting address as if it really existed on INTERMAIL.ISI.EDU, e.g.:) 1811 2.40 32 s 300.0 1106.0 m ( [CWARD/USCISI]TELEMAIL/USA%TELEMAIL@INTERMAIL.ISI.EDU) 2035 1.17 32 s 300.0 1214.0 m (Note) 397 0.00 -1 s ( that the CMR system will accept anything before the \177%TELEMAIL", that is, the CMR) 2209 2.43 32 s 300.0 1279.0 m (does not validate Telemail addresses before transmitting them to Telemail.) 1823 2.78 32 s 300.0 1387.0 m (The CMR handles Dialcom mail delivery in a similar way, but this system has what might be) 2209 2.44 32 s 300.0 1453.0 m (called \177virtual hosts". Groups can be set up with an alias system to allow easier intra-group) 2190 2.50 32 s 300.0 1518.0 m (access. For example, both NSF and USDA share the same Dialcom host \(157\); but, while both) 2251 2.50 32 s 300.0 1584.0 m (groups send relay messages to Intermail, their actual fully qualified Dialcom mailboxes are) 2161 2.75 32 s 300.0 1650.0 m (different. For example, NSF's mailbox is NSF153, and USDA's mailbox is AGS9999. ) 2081 2.33 32 s 300.0 1757.0 m (Mail going in either direction may use an embedded Simple Forwarding Header. An SFH ) 2161 2.47 32 s /timsps12i 11 declareFont 11 sf (must) 2255 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1823.0 m 1 sf (be the first part of the message text. It starts with a \177Forward:" field followed by a \177To:" field.) 2256 2.47 32 s 300.0 1889.0 m (\177Cc:", \177Subject:", and other fields may follow the \177To:" fields. The SFH is terminated by a) 2176 2.87 32 s 300.0 1954.0 m (blank line.) 514 2.00 32 s 300.0 2062.0 m (This is a template of an SFH:) 902 2.17 32 s 390.0 2170.0 m (Forward:) 574 0.00 -1 s ( Destination-Network) 1018 1.00 32 s 390.0 2235.0 m (To: User@host1, User@host2,) 1011 1.50 32 s 390.0 2301.0 m ( User2@host2) 737 1.80 32 s 390.0 2367.0 m (Cc: User@host1) 722 2.00 32 s 390.0 2432.0 m (Subject:) 554 0.00 -1 s ( This subject supercedes the subject in the host net header ) 1747 2.09 32 s 390.0 2498.0 m () 682 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2606.0 m (Dialcom syntax is \177Host-ID:User-ID", for example, 134:ABC1234. This format will) 2046 2.00 32 s ( work) 2163 1.00 32 s 300.0 2671.0 m (from any Dialcom host; but users in the same group as) 1415 2.00 32 s ( ABC would be able to use the user) 2144 2.38 32 s 300.0 2737.0 m (name, for example, JSMITH.) 898 3.00 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 12]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (Using the SFH format, mail to a Dialcom system could be sent as follows:) 1823 2.46 32 s 390.0 520.0 m (To: Intermail@ISI.EDU) 883 2.00 32 s 390.0 586.0 m (Subject: Test Message) 859 2.33 32 s 390.0 652.0 m 717.0 v (Forward: Compmail) 800 2.00 32 s 390.0 783.0 m (To:) 460 0.00 -1 s ( 134:ABC1234) 765 1.00 32 s 390.0 849.0 m 914.0 v (Here) 487 0.00 -1 s ( is the text of the message.) 1031 2.17 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (Proper destination network names include ARPA, Telemail, Compmail, NSF-Mail, and) 2090 2.78 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (USDA-Mail.) 568 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1196.0 m (It is possible for a user to make mistakes at many points in the process. Errors are handled as) 2220 2.32 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (automatically as possible by the CMR. Many errors are caught in the standard Internet mail) 2185 2.60 32 s 300.0 1327.0 m (traffic, and users receive the usual error messages from the system. Messages with incorrect) 2191 2.50 32 s 300.0 1393.0 m (commercial system addresses or faulty SFHs are also automatically returned to sender.) 2070 2.82 32 s 300.0 1458.0 m (Messages that the software cannot handle are sent to the CMR's user-service mailbox,) 2067 2.67 32 s 300.0 1524.0 m (Intermail-Request@ISI.EDU. This mailbox has been set up to take care of user problems and) 2228 2.43 32 s 300.0 1590.0 m (to be a central distribution point for user instructions.) 1389 2.38 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 1697.0 m (PROBLEMS) 580 0.00 -1 s 1 sf 300.0 1805.0 m (Several problems arise from the store-and-forward nature of the CMR. One of the biggest is) 2209 2.20 32 s 300.0 1870.0 m (that almost all of the commercial systems lack a machine-to-machine interface -- the CMR) 2190 3.00 32 s 300.0 1936.0 m (software must mimic a human user of the commercial system. Another problem is that the) 2160 2.47 32 s 300.0 2002.0 m (Internet and a commercial system have different forms \(or syntax\) for electronic mail) 2045 2.50 32 s 300.0 2067.0 m (addresses. A major goal of the CMR project is to make the link between networks as) 2049 2.38 32 s 300.0 2133.0 m (transparent as possible, allowing Internet users to use off-the-shelf mail programs. Making) 2174 2.33 32 s 300.0 2199.0 m (commercial address formats fit the Internet standard is a major task [2].) 1763 2.45 32 s 300.0 2306.0 m (Compatibility with Internet addressing standards is also a concern. The commercial accounts) 2207 2.75 32 s 300.0 2372.0 m (are not able to take advantage of the transparency features of the Domain Name System \(DNS\)) 2245 2.53 32 s 300.0 2438.0 m (\(see Appendix D\); and some commercial addresses are incompatible with the Internet) 2047 2.64 32 s 300.0 2503.0 m (syntax--this requires Internet users to continue using the older methods.) 1774 2.33 32 s 300.0 2611.0 m (Another general problem to be solved is to reduce the amount of time needed to maintain the) 2206 2.56 32 s 300.0 2677.0 m (system. Because most commercial systems force our software to mimic a human user,) 2072 2.62 32 s 300.0 2743.0 m (automatic error detection and handling are quite complex. The Intermail system requires human) 2257 2.75 32 s 300.0 2808.0 m (intervention in processing failed mail. A goal of the CMR is to fully automate these processes.) 2249 2.56 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 13]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (A related problem facing the CMR, as well as its predecessor Intermail, is the frequency with) 2209 2.40 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (which commercial systems change their software. The changes are usually minor and do not) 2199 2.50 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (bother most human users; however, the CMR depends on being able to recognize certain) 2110 2.46 32 s 300.0 610.0 m (strings. To avoid the necessity of rebuilding the whole CMR when these strings change, most) 2221 2.33 32 s 300.0 675.0 m (of the string markers are stored in ASCII files that are read at run time.) 1759 2.36 32 s 300.0 783.0 m (The translation of commercial system addresses has created a new set of problems, most of) 2177 2.47 32 s 300.0 849.0 m (which are caused by the use of \177special" characters by the commercial systems.) 1929 2.92 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (Telemail uses square brackets \(\177[" and \177]"\) around user names. While these characters are not) 2221 2.79 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (special by Internet standards when found in the local part of an address, many \(perhaps most\)) 2209 2.27 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (Internet mailers refuse to accept these characters unless they are quoted. MMDF was modified) 2244 2.64 32 s 300.0 1153.0 m (locally to correct this.) 745 2.33 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (The square bracket problem is even worse for users of IBM mainframe machines, many of) 2164 2.20 32 s 300.0 1327.0 m (which are used on BITNET. The square bracket is not a printable character on many BITNET) 2235 2.25 32 s 300.0 1393.0 m (IBM hosts, and all kinds of strange addresses can result from its use.) 1702 2.25 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (The colon is another example. Dialcom uses it as the delimiter between host and mailbox.) 2156 2.73 32 s 300.0 1566.0 m (However, the colon is a special character in the Internet mail standard [2]. Users can avoid) 2172 2.56 32 s 300.0 1631.0 m (this problem by using the SFH and placing the Dialcom address at the beginning of the) 2082 2.40 32 s 300.0 1697.0 m (message text. Although the CMR can accept addresses with colons, many Internet hosts and) 2193 2.57 32 s 300.0 1763.0 m (relays are unable to accept addresses that contain colons. Mail with colons in the address) 2131 2.67 32 s 300.0 1828.0 m (fields is often rejected by Internet hosts and is returned to the Intermail-Request mailbox for) 2193 2.43 32 s 300.0 1894.0 m (error processing. This can cause significant delays.) 1353 2.71 32 s 300.0 2002.0 m (Problems have also been caused by confusion about which hosts are mail relays between the) 2188 2.57 32 s 300.0 2067.0 m (Internet and other systems compatible with the Internet mail standard [2]. \(e.g., BITNET,) 2128 2.58 32 s 300.0 2133.0 m (UUCP, and CSNET\). When the CMR was implemented, a decision was made that the CMR) 2201 2.60 32 s 300.0 2199.0 m (would not keep track of these mail relays. When a relay is changed, as the BITNET mail) 2135 2.53 32 s 300.0 2264.0 m (relays were in 1988, mail may be rejected because the host either no longer exists or refuses) 2186 2.56 32 s 300.0 2330.0 m (the mail.) 478 2.00 32 s 300.0 2438.0 m (The mail relay problem is a subset of the larger problem of communicating information about) 2217 2.43 32 s 300.0 2503.0 m (new features and changes to the user community. Virtually none of the users of the CMR are) 2199 2.31 32 s 300.0 2569.0 m (local. Many are hidden behind the veil of the commercial system. \(Dealing with commercial) 2221 2.73 32 s 300.0 2635.0 m (system customer support people has proven to be frustrating -- few of them seem to) 2024 2.14 32 s 300.0 2700.0 m (understand the concept of machine-to-machine exchanges.\) Enhancements to commercial) 2131 2.50 32 s 300.0 2766.0 m (software that necessitate minor changes can disrupt some CMR users for days.) 1900 2.45 32 s 300.0 2874.0 m (Another problem that has not been adequately solved is validation of commercial system) 2113 2.67 32 s 300.0 2940.0 m (addresses and processing of failed commercial system mail. The Telemail system will not) 2148 2.77 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 14]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (validate a user/host combination until after the full text of the message has been transmitted. If) 2247 2.25 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (a long message is sent to an invalid address, it can be very expensive in terms of wasted time) 2210 2.56 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (and connect charges.) 722 2.00 32 s 300.0 652.0 m (Telemail also gives inadequate information when the host is correct but the user name is not.) 2196 2.33 32 s 300.0 717.0 m (The failed mail notice received from Telemail is of little use to either a human reader or the) 2187 2.71 32 s 300.0 783.0 m (CMR software. The only information that Telemail returns is the message ID number -- it) 2167 2.33 32 s 300.0 849.0 m (provides no subject, and no text to distinguish the message from the numerous others that pass) 2228 2.33 32 s 300.0 914.0 m (through the mailbox.) 725 2.50 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (Dialcom does a better job of validating addresses. If an address is not recognized, the system) 2214 2.50 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (immediately prompts for a correction. A simple will delete the invalid address) 2183 2.46 32 s 300.0 1153.0 m (from the list.) 564 2.50 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (The commercial systems are geared for paying customers to send and receive mail to other) 2157 2.57 32 s 300.0 1327.0 m (paying customers. They are not equipped to handle reverse billing, or \177collect calls." ISI is) 2191 2.69 32 s 300.0 1393.0 m (currently charged for connect time needed to transmit and receive mail to and from other) 2121 2.57 32 s 300.0 1458.0 m (Internet sites. A possible solution to this problem would be to extend the CMR. to include) 2155 2.38 32 s 300.0 1524.0 m (accounting and billing procedures that would pass the costs of CMR to its users.) 1938 2.31 32 s 300.0 1631.0 m (What had been GTE Telemail became Sprint SprintMail, Telenet became Sprintnet, and the) 2175 2.67 32 s 300.0 1697.0 m (host TELEMAIL/USA became SM66/USA.) 1195 2.00 32 s 300.0 1805.0 m (In April 1990, Sprint installed its X.400 implementation. For the time being, the old-style) 2158 2.64 32 s 300.0 1870.0 m (Interconnect syntax will work. The CMR telemail channel and the Simple Forwarding Header) 2219 2.67 32 s 300.0 1936.0 m (\(SFH\) processor, were modified to accept either format in the SprintMail \177From" field.) 2085 2.67 32 s 300.0 2044.0 m (Sprint uses the following syntax for X.400:) 1181 2.00 32 s 300.0 2151.0 m 525.0 h (\(O:USCISI,UN:INTERMAIL,TS:SM66\)) 1351 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2259.0 m (The SFH processor will \177translate" this into:) 1210 2.67 32 s 300.0 2367.0 m 525.0 h (/O=USCISI/UN=INTERMAIL/TS=SM66/%TELEMAIL) 1683 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2474.0 m (The channel program will reverse the process. In the translation, parentheses become slashes,) 2220 2.77 32 s 300.0 2540.0 m (colons become equal signs and commas become slashes and vice versa.) 1760 2.90 32 s 300.0 2648.0 m (Unfortunately, the translation algorithm is not foolproof. A Sprint/Internet relay did not use) 2183 2.31 32 s 300.0 2713.0 m (the same field names and values as those in SprintMail. Consequently, a CMR translated) 2130 2.79 32 s 300.0 2779.0 m (address can not be sent unmodified to Sprint's relay, Sprint.COM, and Sprint.COM processed) 2215 2.42 32 s 300.0 2845.0 m (addresses cannot be sent unmodified to the CMR.) 1328 2.50 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 15]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (From experimentation, the modifications necessary to a CMR processed address to make it) 2149 2.17 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (acceptable to Sprint.COM are \(1\) take the \177non-standard" X.400 fields of \177UN" and \177TS" and) 2248 2.53 32 s 300.0 544.0 m (prepend \177DD." to them, \(2\) add the country field and code \(C:US\) and \(3\) add the Telemail) 2178 2.38 32 s 300.0 610.0 m (administrative domain name \(ADMD:Telemail\). The above example would become:) 2038 2.89 32 s 300.0 717.0 m (/O=USCISI/DD.UN=INTERMAIL/DD.TS=SM66/ADMD=TELEMAIL/C=US/@Sprint.COM) 2214 0.00 -1 s 300.0 825.0 m (The country code must be changed from \177US" to \177USA." The CMR queue name must also be) 2238 2.41 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (appended: \177%TELEMAIL.") 871 2.00 32 s 300.0 999.0 m (The situation is further complicated by Sprint's decision to only relay mail to and from its own) 2243 2.31 32 s 300.0 1064.0 m (administrative domain. Other X.400 ADMDs may be added in the future if payment problems) 2232 2.21 32 s 300.0 1130.0 m (can be overcome.) 656 2.00 32 s 300.0 1238.0 m (SprintMail encoded Internet addresses are not parsed correctly by the SFH processor, but that) 2208 2.38 32 s 300.0 1303.0 m (should not be a major problem -- who on the Internet is going to send to the commercial side) 2221 2.28 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (of the relay?) 557 3.00 32 s 300.0 1476.0 m (When the NSF decided to terminate NSFMAIL, it became clear that the CMR Project needed a) 2256 3.00 32 s 300.0 1542.0 m (way to get news out to the commercial users. The CMR channel programs now are able to) 2162 2.35 32 s 300.0 1608.0 m (append a news file to the end of messages going into the commercial networks. After) 2058 2.40 32 s 300.0 1673.0 m (transmitting a message, each channel checks for a news file with the channel name and if) 2128 2.73 32 s 300.0 1739.0 m (present, sends it.) 640 3.00 32 s 300.0 1847.0 m (The biggest costs of the CMR are the connect times to the Sprintnet X.25 network and the) 2147 2.50 32 s 300.0 1912.0 m (commercial machines. Making the CMR transmit faster is the current number one problem.) 2183 2.69 32 s 300.0 2020.0 m (Three strategies are being pursued:) 1012 2.75 32 s 300.0 2128.0 m ( ) 315 2.00 32 s 525.0 h (- Improve the implementation of the current method) 1598 2.43 32 s 300.0 2235.0 m 525.0 h (- Change the method to take advantage of changes in the) 1695 2.60 32 s 300.0 2301.0 m 525.0 h ( commercial software) 980 2.67 32 s 300.0 2409.0 m 525.0 h (- Upgrade the modems and increase the number of phone lines ) 1842 2.25 32 s 300.0 2516.0 m (For a list of known problems or bugs in the CMR software, see the Appendix of the program) 2197 2.00 32 s 300.0 2582.0 m (logic manual [6].) 651 3.00 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 16]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (FUTURE DIRECTIONS) 834 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 520.0 m (No) 361 0.00 -1 s ( software project is ever completed, and the CMR is no exception. There are many possible) 2228 2.40 32 s 300.0 586.0 m (extensions, some more difficult than others.) 1192 2.60 32 s 300.0 694.0 m (One addition that will be made to the CMR is a channel for interacting with MCI Mail. MCI) 2210 2.44 32 s 300.0 759.0 m (Mail is one of the original TOPS-20 commercial systems that were serviced by Intermail; the) 2215 2.64 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (CMR will need to replace this function before all of the TOPS-20 machines are removed from) 2237 2.47 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (service on the Internet.) 769 3.00 32 s 300.0 999.0 m (The adaptability of the CMR is such that adding new commercial systems should not be a) 2137 2.53 32 s 300.0 1064.0 m (major problem. Additional commercial systems under consideration include General Electric's) 2242 2.80 32 s 300.0 1130.0 m (GENIE, Western Union's EasyLink, and Compuserve. ) 1438 2.00 32 s 300.0 1238.0 m (One possible addition to the CMR system could be maintenance of a list of gateways. This) 2170 2.50 32 s 300.0 1303.0 m (would allow commercial system users to incorporate the native address formats of other) 2094 2.42 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (networks into the SFHs. An advantage of this would be that users could simply tell the CMR) 2214 2.29 32 s 300.0 1435.0 m (to forward a message to BITNET, for example, and the CMR would find the gateway and) 2136 2.20 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (properly format the address for that gateway.) 1219 2.33 32 s 300.0 1608.0 m (To increase the ease of use to Internet users, the system might treat each commercial system as) 2246 2.75 32 s 300.0 1673.0 m (an Internet host and create DNS database records for them. This would allow users to send) 2153 2.27 32 s 300.0 1739.0 m (mail to a non-Internet user at an Internet-style domain name.) 1559 2.67 32 s 300.0 1847.0 m (Another improvement would be the possibility of accepting X.400-style addressing. The) 2106 2.40 32 s 300.0 1912.0 m (current system rejects them.) 869 2.33 32 s 300.0 2020.0 m (In order to further reduce the hazards of string changes in the commercial system software, an) 2222 2.33 32 s 300.0 2086.0 m (AI component could be added to the commercial system interfaces. Such an AI component) 2173 2.57 32 s 300.0 2151.0 m (might be able to \177figure out" what marker a new prompt represents and to remember it.) 2091 2.40 32 s 3 sf 300.0 2259.0 m (ACCESS) 497 0.00 -1 s ( INFORMATION) 882 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2367.0 m (For) 370 0.00 -1 s ( instructions on how to use Intermail and CMR contact Intermail-Request@ISI.EDU.) 2114 2.40 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 17]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (REFERENCES) 635 0.00 -1 s 1 sf 300.0 520.0 m ([1] ) 373 1.00 32 s 525.0 h (Cohen, D., \177A Suggestion for Internet Message Forwarding) 1737 2.00 32 s ( for MOSIS",) 2014 2.00 32 s 300.0 586.0 m 525.0 h (IEN-180, USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1981.) 1744 2.40 32 s 300.0 694.0 m ([2]) 359 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h (Crocker, D., \177Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages",) 2031 2.50 32 s 300.0 759.0 m 525.0 h (RFC-822, University of Delaware, August 1982.) 1521 2.00 32 s 300.0 867.0 m ([3]) 359 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h (DeSchon, A. L., \177MCI Mail/ARPA Mail Forwarding", USC/Information) 2006 2.43 32 s 300.0 933.0 m 525.0 h (Sciences Institute, ISI Research Report, RR-84-141, August 1984.) 1890 2.71 32 s 300.0 1041.0 m ([4]) 359 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h (DeSchon, A. L., \177INTERMAIL, An Experimental Mail Forwarding) 1903 2.14 32 s 300.0 1106.0 m 525.0 h (System", USC/Information Sciences Institute, ISI Research Report,) 1895 2.50 32 s 300.0 1172.0 m 525.0 h (RR-85-158, September 1985.) 1136 2.00 32 s 300.0 1279.0 m ([5]) 359 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h (Kingston, D., \177MMDF II: A Technical Review", Usenix Conference, ) 1949 2.56 32 s 300.0 1345.0 m 525.0 h (Salt Lake City, August 1984.) 1121 2.50 32 s 300.0 1453.0 m ([6]) 359 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h (Ward, C. E., \177The Commercial Mail Relay Project: Intermail on UNIX",) 2033 2.82 32 s 300.0 1518.0 m 525.0 h (USC/Information Sciences Institute, 1988.) 1388 3.00 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 18]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (APPENDIX A ) 636 1.00 32 s 300.0 520.0 m (The) 383 0.00 -1 s ( Internet and Connected Networks) 1133 2.25 32 s 1 sf 300.0 628.0 m (The Internet is a network of networks interconnected by gateways or routers. The common) 2167 2.21 32 s 300.0 694.0 m (element is the TCP/IP protocol suite. The Internet now includes approximately 800 networks) 2212 2.54 32 s 300.0 759.0 m (and 100,000 host computers. The Internet is made up of local area networks in research) 2105 2.40 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (institutes and university campuses, regional networks, and long-haul networks. These) 2060 2.50 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (resources are supported by the using organizations and by several US goverment agencies) 2131 2.42 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (\(including DARPA, NSF, NASA, DOE, and NIH\). The long-haul networks in the Internet are) 2252 2.00 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (the ARPANET, the MILNET, the NSFNET Backbone, the NASA Science Internet \(NSI\), and) 2224 2.33 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (the DOE Energy Science Network \(ESNET\).) 1218 2.00 32 s 300.0 1196.0 m (Other systems using TCP/IP or other protocols may be networks of networks or \177internets") 2156 2.08 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (with a lower case \177i". The capital \177I" Internet is the one described above.) 1819 2.79 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (There are other networks with \(semi-\) compatible electronic mail systems. These include) 2139 2.75 32 s 300.0 1435.0 m (BITNET) 479 0.00 -1 s ( \(and EARN and NETNORTH\), UUCP \(and EUNET\), CSNET, ACSNET, and) 2088 1.30 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m (JANET. Users) 609 2.00 32 s ( of electronic mail may not necessarily be aware of the boundaries between) 2147 2.42 32 s 300.0 1566.0 m (these systems and the Internet.) 925 3.00 32 s 300.0 1673.0 m (The Domain Name System \(DNS\) is a mechanism used in the Internet for translating names of) 2237 2.33 32 s 300.0 1739.0 m (host computers into addresses. The DNS also allows host computers not directly on the) 2093 2.29 32 s 300.0 1805.0 m (Internet to have registered names in the same style.) 1349 2.88 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1912.0 m (BITNET \(Because It's Time NETwork\)) 1148 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2020.0 m (BITNET has about 2,500 host computers, primarily at universities, in many countries. It is) 2164 2.36 32 s 300.0 2086.0 m (managed by EDUCOM, which provides administrative support and information services.) 2108 2.22 32 s 300.0 2151.0 m (There are three main constituents of the network: BITNET in the United States and Mexico,) 2185 2.50 32 s 300.0 2217.0 m (NETNORTH in Canada, and EARN in Europe. There are also AsiaNet, in Japan, and) 2061 2.29 32 s 300.0 2283.0 m (connections in South America. Gateways exist between BITNET and the Internet. The most) 2208 2.50 32 s 300.0 2349.0 m (common gateway) 656 2.00 32 s ( used is CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU.) 1327 1.33 32 s 3 sf 300.0 2456.0 m (CSNET) 466 0.00 -1 s ( \(The Computer + Science Network\)) 1251 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2564.0 m (CSNET has 180 member organizations, primarily computer science research laboratories at) 2164 2.80 32 s 300.0 2629.0 m (universities and research institutes, including international affiliates in more than a dozen) 2123 3.00 32 s 300.0 2695.0 m (countries. CSNET has adopted DNS-style names for all its host computers. It is administered) 2223 2.43 32 s 300.0 2761.0 m (by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research \(UCAR\) and provides administrative) 2216 2.10 32 s 300.0 2826.0 m (support and information services via the CSNET Information Center \(CIC\) at Bolt Beranek and) 2249 2.31 32 s 300.0 2892.0 m (Newman \(BBN\). The gateway between CSNET and the Internet is RELAY.CS.NET.) 2038 2.30 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 19]) 2259 0.00 32 s 300.0 413.0 m (Note: CSNET and BITNET have officially merged into a single organization as of October 1,) 2215 2.36 32 s 300.0 478.0 m (1989.) 413 0.00 -1 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 586.0 m (UUCP) 439 0.00 -1 s ( \(UNIX to UNIX Copy\) ) 954 1.20 32 s 1 sf 300.0 694.0 m (UUCP) 433 0.00 -1 s ( is a protocol, a set of files, and a set of commands for copying data files from one) 2127 2.28 32 s 300.0 759.0 m (UNIX machine to another. These procedures are widely used to implement a hop-by-hop) 2146 2.31 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (electronic mail system. This simple mechanism allows any UNIX host computer to join the) 2180 2.50 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (system by arranging a connection \(dial-up or permanent\) with any UNIX host already in the) 2186 2.14 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (system. In the basic UUCP system, mail is source routed by the sending user through a path of) 2250 2.28 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (connected hosts to the destination. Currently, there are databases of connection information) 2179 2.75 32 s 300.0 1088.0 m (\(UUCP maps\) and programs \(pathalias\) that aid in determining routes. There is some use of) 2188 2.27 32 s 300.0 1153.0 m (DNS-style names by UUCP hosts. EUNET is a UUCP-based network in) 1803 2.00 32 s ( Europe, and JUNET) 2229 1.33 32 s 300.0 1219.0 m (is) 333 0.00 -1 s ( a similar net in Japan. These international branches of UUCP use DNS-style names as well.) 2242 2.38 32 s 300.0 1285.0 m (There are many hosts that may relay mail between UUCP and the Internet. One prominent) 2164 2.53 32 s 300.0 1350.0 m (gateway is) 514 2.00 32 s ( UUNET.UU.NET.) 907 1.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1458.0 m (JANET \(Joint Academic NETwork\)) 1074 1.67 32 s 1 sf 300.0 1566.0 m (JANET is the primary academic network in) 1187 2.00 32 s ( the United Kingdom, linking about 1,000) 2044 2.33 32 s 300.0 1631.0 m (computers at about 100 universities and research institutes. JANET has a domain name system) 2245 2.50 32 s 300.0 1697.0 m (similar to that of the Internet, but the order of the domain name parts is opposite \(with the) 2144 2.35 32 s 300.0 1763.0 m (top-level domain on the left\). The protocols used in JANET are the UK \177Coloured Books".) 2184 2.27 32 s 300.0 1828.0 m (The primary gateway between JANET and the Internet is NSFNET-RELAY.AC.UK.) 2041 2.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1936.0 m (ACSNET \(Australian Computer Science Network\)) 1391 2.75 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2044.0 m (ACSNET is the principal electronic mail system for the computer science and academic) 2097 2.92 32 s 300.0 2109.0 m (research community in Australia, connecting about 300 sites. It works similarly to UUCP.) 2152 2.46 32 s 300.0 2175.0 m (ACSNET has a domain naming syntax similar to that for Internet domains. The gateways) 2141 2.36 32 s 300.0 2241.0 m (between ACSNET and the) 839 2.00 32 s ( Internet are MUNNARI.OZ.AU and UUNET.UU.NET.) 1982 1.40 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 20]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps10 4 declareFont 4 sf 0.0 2970.0 m 8.0 sw 0.0 v newpath 740 796 av 981 796 as 981 956 as 740 956 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 981 716 av 1381 716 as 1381 956 as 981 956 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 981 836 av 1401 836 as [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1381 836 av 1741 836 as 1741 956 as 1381 956 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp /helvps10b 9 declareFont 9 sf 1041.0 789.0 m (NETNORTH) 1273 0.00 -1 s 1041.0 909.0 m (BITNET) 1193 0.00 -1 s 1481.0 916.0 m (EARN) 1599 0.00 -1 s 801.0 875.0 m (CSNET) 943 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 840 956 av 840 1116 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /helvps12b 8 declareFont 8 sf 820.0 1155.0 m ([G]) 893 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 840 1176 av 840 1276 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 840 1276 av 1201 1276 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1301 956 av 1301 1116 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1301 1176 av 1301 1376 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 1281.0 1155.0 m ([G]) 1354 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1201 1276 av 1201 1376 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8.0 sw newpath 1121 1382 av 1601 1382 as 1601 1782 as 1121 1782 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 9 sf 1181.0 1516.0 m (THE INTERNET) 1488 1.00 32 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1581 1396 av 2101 1396 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8 sf 2252.0 1736.0 m ([G]) 2325 0.00 -1 s /helvps10 7 declareFont 7 sf 1641.0 1450.0 m (NSFNET-RELAY.AC.UK) 2109 0.00 -1 s 1321.0 1070.0 m (CUNYVM.BITNET) 1664 0.00 -1 s 1321.0 1250.0 m (CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU) 1732 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 2161 1036 av 2161 1358 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8.0 sw newpath 2041 876 av 2281 876 as 2281 1036 as 2041 1036 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 9 sf 2101.0 970.0 m (JANET) 2238 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 748 1496 av 1121 1496 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8 sf 660.0 1496.0 m ([G]) 733 0.00 -1 s 9 sf 400.0 1696.0 m (UUCP) 518 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1305 1796 av 1305 1936 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 7 sf 740.0 1876.0 m (INTERMAIL@ISI.EDU) 1158 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1601 1562 av 2290 1562 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 1741.0 1562.0 m (UUNET.UU.NET) 2053 0.00 -1 s 1681.0 1636.0 m (USER@HOST.SUBDOMAIN.AU) 2290 0.00 -1 s 9 sf 1157.0 h (ARPANET, NSFNET,) 1564 1.00 32 s 1157.0 1682.0 m ( MILNET) 1410 0.00 32 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 2290 1556 av 2290 1696 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 2214.0 1876.0 m (ACSNET) 2386 0.00 -1 s 8.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1101 1936 av 1521 1936 as 1521 2056 as 1101 2056 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 1121.0 2010.0 m (INTERMAIL / CMR) 1483 1.00 32 s 8 sf 2121.0 1396.0 m ([G]) 2194 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1301 2076 av 1301 2176 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 9 sf 1221.0 2210.0 m (107-8239) 1405 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 740 2016 av 1101 2016 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 740 2016 av 740 2096 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 744 2174 av 744 2275 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 420.0 2150.0 m ([Intermail/USCISI]) 775 0.00 -1 s ( SM66/USA) 997 1.00 32 s 8.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 520 2297 av 900 2297 as 900 2637 as 520 2637 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 580.0 2356.0 m (TELEMAIL) 791 0.00 -1 s 580.0 2469.0 m (SM66) 689 0.00 -1 s 580.0 2515.0 m (NASA) 698 0.00 -1 s 580.0 2561.0 m (OMNET) 731 0.00 -1 s 4.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1301 2216 av 1301 2276 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 1201.0 2350.0 m (MCI) 1278 0.00 -1 s ( MAIL) 1393 0.00 32 s 1841.0 h (DIALCOM) 2036 0.00 -1 s 1841.0 2470.0 m (COMPMAIL) 2069 0.00 -1 s 1841.0 2516.0 m (USDAMAIL) 2062 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1541 2016 av 1941 2016 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 1941 2022 av 1941 2096 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 1801.0 2130.0 m (134:CMP0817) 2069 0.00 -1 s 1801.0 2176.0 m (157:AGS9999) 2066 0.00 -1 s 7 sf 1621.0 1350.0 m (UK.AC.NSFNET-RELAY) 2089 0.00 -1 s 8 sf 900.0 555.0 m ( APPENDIX B) 1220 1.00 32 s ( - MAIL SYSTEMS MAP) 1792 0.40 32 s 8.0 sw 0.0 0.0 m newpath 2176 1796 av 2405 1796 as 2405 1956 as 2176 1956 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 340 1602 av 580 1602 as 580 1762 as 340 1762 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 4.0 sw newpath 2321 1754 av 2321 1776 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8.0 sw newpath 1141 2297 av 1521 2297 as 1521 2637 as 1141 2637 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp newpath 1781 2297 av 2161 2297 as 2161 2637 as 1781 2637 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 4.0 sw newpath 1941 2216 av 1941 2276 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 2290 1776 av 2290 1798 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 9 sf 1141.0 655.0 m (CREN) 1259 0.00 -1 s 7 sf 520.0 1096.0 m (RELAY.CS.NET) 823 0.00 -1 s 140.0 1556.0 m (uunet!host!user) 428 0.00 -1 s 900.0 1256.0 m (RELAY.CS.NET) 1203 0.00 -1 s 780.0 1476.0 m (UUNET.UU.NET) 1092 0.00 -1 s 0.0 0.0 m newpath 1185 676 av 1185 716 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp 8.0 sw newpath 80 455 av 2441 455 as 2441 2757 as 80 2757 as closepath [] 0 setdash dp 4.0 sw newpath 500 1496 av 640 1496 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp newpath 500 1496 av 500 1602 as [8 20 ] 4 1 setpenpat dp /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 20 fillpatset /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 80 1976 av 1101 1976 as 1101 2000 as 80 2000 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp /drawmode PL_REPLACE def newpath /drawmode PL_SET def 1521 1972 av 2441 1972 as 2441 1996 as 1521 1996 as closepath fp [] 0 setdash dp 2550.0 2970.0 m 4 sf eop 0.0 0.0 m /Ops6 0 declareFont 0 0 fillpatset bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 21]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (APPENDIX C) 608 1.00 32 s 300.0 520.0 m (March) 444 0.00 -1 s ( 1990 ) 605 2.25 32 s 1 sf 750.0 h (sent) 830 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (read) 1061 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (total) 1289 0.00 -1 s 300.0 586.0 m (Telemail) 478 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (1291) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (768) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (2059) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 652.0 m (MCI Mail) 503 2.00 32 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (56) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (44) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (100) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 717.0 m (Compmail) 511 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (634) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (306) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (940) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 783.0 m (NSF-Mail) 511 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (370) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (243) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (613) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 849.0 m (CGnet) 430 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (171) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (82) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (253) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 914.0 m (USDA Mail) 545 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (6) 775 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (1) 1000 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (7) 1225 0.00 -1 s 300.0 980.0 m (BellSouth) 500 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (6) 775 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (10) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (16) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1046.0 m (Other) 414 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (0) 775 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (0) 1000 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (0) 1225 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1111.0 m 1177.0 v (Total) 406 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (2534) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (1454) 1075 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (3988) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1243.0 m (Days in) 456 2.00 32 s ( Month) 603 1.00 32 s 750.0 h (31) 800 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1308.0 m (Messages) 492 0.00 -1 s ( per Day) 669 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (128.65) 888 0.00 -1 s 3 sf 300.0 1416.0 m (April 1990) 529 2.00 32 s 1 sf ( ) 620 2.17 32 s 750.0 h (sent) 830 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (read) 1061 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (total) 1289 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1482.0 m (Telemail) 478 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (1363) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (696) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (2059) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1547.0 m (MCI Mail) 503 2.00 32 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (40) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (39) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (79) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1613.0 m (Compmail) 511 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (771) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (329) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (1100) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1679.0 m (CGnet) 430 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (361) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (191) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (552) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1744.0 m (USDA Mail) 545 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (28) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (31) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (59) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1810.0 m (BellSouth) 500 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (98) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (73) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (17) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1876.0 m (Other) 414 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (0) 775 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (0) 1000 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (0) 1225 0.00 -1 s 300.0 1941.0 m ( ) 360 2.00 32 s 300.0 2007.0 m (Total) 406 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (2661) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (1361) 1075 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (4022) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2073.0 m (Days in) 456 2.00 32 s ( Month) 603 1.00 32 s 750.0 h (30) 800 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2139.0 m (Messages) 492 0.00 -1 s ( per Day) 669 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (134.07 ) 1718 2.09 32 s 3 sf 300.0 2246.0 m (May 1990 ) 527 2.00 32 s 1 sf ( ) 602 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (sent) 830 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (read) 1061 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (total) 1289 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2312.0 m (Telemail) 478 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (1007) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (561) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (1568) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2378.0 m (MCI Mail) 503 2.00 32 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (23) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (12) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (35) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2443.0 m (Compmail) 511 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (815) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (359) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (1174) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2509.0 m (CGnet) 430 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (406) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (210) 1050 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (616) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2575.0 m (USDA Mail) 545 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (12) 800 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (5) 1000 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (17) 1250 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2640.0 m (BellSouth) 500 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (167) 825 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (93) 1025 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (260) 1275 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2706.0 m (Other) 414 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (0) 775 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (0) 1000 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (0 ) 2009 2.08 32 s 300.0 2771.0 m (Total) 406 0.00 -1 s 525.0 h 750.0 h (2430) 850 0.00 -1 s 975.0 h (1240) 1075 0.00 -1 s 1200.0 h (3670) 1300 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2837.0 m (Days in) 456 2.00 32 s ( Month) 603 1.00 32 s 750.0 h (31) 800 0.00 -1 s 300.0 2903.0 m (Messages) 492 0.00 -1 s ( per Day) 669 2.00 32 s 750.0 h (118.39) 888 0.00 -1 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 22]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (APPENDIX D) 608 1.00 32 s 300.0 520.0 m (The) 383 0.00 -1 s ( Domain Name System) 876 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 628.0 m (The Domain Name System \(DNS\) provides for the translation between host names and) 2073 2.25 32 s 300.0 694.0 m (addresses. Within the Internet, this means translating from a name, such as \177ABC.ISI.EDU",) 2224 2.64 32 s 300.0 759.0 m (to an IP address such as \177128.9.0.123". The DNS is a set of protocols and databases. The) 2155 2.44 32 s 300.0 825.0 m (protocols define the syntax and semantics for a query language to ask questions about) 2049 2.38 32 s 300.0 891.0 m (information located by DNS-style names. The databases are distributed and replicated. There) 2237 2.77 32 s 300.0 956.0 m (is no dependence on a single central server, and each part of the database is provided in at least) 2254 2.67 32 s 300.0 1022.0 m (two servers.) 544 2.00 32 s 300.0 1130.0 m (In addition to translating names to addresses for hosts that are in the Internet, the DNS) 2070 2.40 32 s 300.0 1196.0 m (provides for registering DNS-style names for other hosts reachable \(via electronic mail\)) 2097 2.45 32 s 300.0 1261.0 m (through gateways or mail relays. The records for such name registration point to an Internet) 2189 2.27 32 s 300.0 1327.0 m (host \(one with an IP address\) that acts as a mail forwarder for the registered host. For) 2063 2.24 32 s 300.0 1393.0 m (example, the Australian host \177YARRA.OZ.AU" is registered in the DNS with a pointer to the) 2215 2.36 32 s 300.0 1458.0 m (mail relay \177UUNET.UU.NET". This gives electronic mail users a uniform mail addressing) 2165 2.42 32 s 300.0 1524.0 m (syntax and avoids making them aware of the underlying network boundaries.) 1870 2.30 32 s eop 0.0 0.0 m bop 0 3300 2550 3300 2550 0 0 0 clp /timsps12 1 declareFont 1 sf 2045.0 240.0 m (July 1990) 2241 0.00 32 s 807.0 h (Intermail and Commercial Mail Relay Services) 1754 0.00 32 s 300.0 h (RFC 1168) 507 0.00 32 s 300.0 3114.0 m (Westine, DeSchon, Postel & Ward) 996 0.00 32 s 2065.0 3110.0 m ([Page 23]) 2259 0.00 32 s /timsps12b 3 declareFont 3 sf 300.0 413.0 m (SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS) 1025 1.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 520.0 m (Security) 467 0.00 -1 s ( issues are not discussed in this memo.) 1255 2.14 32 s 3 sf 300.0 628.0 m (AUTHORS') 564 0.00 -1 s ( ADDRESSES) 872 1.00 32 s 300.0 736.0 m (Ann) 392 0.00 -1 s ( Westine) 579 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 801.0 m (USC/Information Sciences Instutite) 1019 2.00 32 s 300.0 867.0 m (4676 Admiralty Way) 730 2.00 32 s 300.0 933.0 m (Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695) 992 2.00 32 s 300.0 999.0 m 1064.0 v (Phone:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( \(213\) 822-1511) 791 1.33 32 s 300.0 1130.0 m (EMail:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( Westine@ISI.EDU) 856 2.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1238.0 m (Annette DeSchon) 674 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 1303.0 m (USC/Information Sciences Instutite) 1019 2.00 32 s 300.0 1369.0 m (4676 Admiralty Way) 730 2.00 32 s 300.0 1435.0 m (Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695) 992 2.00 32 s 300.0 1500.0 m 1566.0 v (Phone:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( \(213\) 822-1511) 791 1.33 32 s 300.0 1631.0 m (EMail: DeSchon@ISI.EDU) 876 2.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 1739.0 m (Jon Postel) 521 2.00 32 s 1 sf 300.0 1805.0 m (USC/Information) 651 0.00 -1 s ( Sciences Instutite) 1019 2.00 32 s 300.0 1870.0 m (4676 Admiralty Way) 730 2.00 32 s 300.0 1936.0 m (Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695) 992 2.00 32 s 300.0 2002.0 m 2067.0 v (Phone:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( \(213\) 822-1511) 791 1.33 32 s 300.0 2133.0 m (EMail:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( Postel@ISI.EDU) 815 2.00 32 s 3 sf 300.0 2241.0 m (Craig E. Ward) 624 2.50 32 s 1 sf 300.0 2306.0 m (USC/Information Sciences Instutite) 1019 2.00 32 s 300.0 2372.0 m (4676 Admiralty Way) 730 2.00 32 s 300.0 2438.0 m (Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695) 992 2.00 32 s 300.0 2503.0 m 2569.0 v (Phone:) 439 0.00 -1 s ( \(213\) 822-1511) 791 1.33 32 s 300.0 2635.0 m (EMail: Ward@ISI.EDU) 804 2.00 32 s eop initialstate restore headerpage showpage